全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2137篇 |
免费 | 476篇 |
国内免费 | 863篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 115篇 |
大气科学 | 1156篇 |
地球物理 | 369篇 |
地质学 | 925篇 |
海洋学 | 366篇 |
天文学 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 176篇 |
自然地理 | 342篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 50篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 138篇 |
2018年 | 103篇 |
2017年 | 112篇 |
2016年 | 108篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 145篇 |
2013年 | 149篇 |
2012年 | 160篇 |
2011年 | 172篇 |
2010年 | 132篇 |
2009年 | 162篇 |
2008年 | 144篇 |
2007年 | 161篇 |
2006年 | 156篇 |
2005年 | 120篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 105篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 67篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 65篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3476条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Using data from the intensive observation period (May–June 2000) of the NWC-ALIEX (The Field Experiment on Interaction between Land and Atmosphere in Arid Region of North-west China), the characteristics and mechanisms of some key land-surface process over Gobi in a typical arid region of north-west China are analyzed and several parameters of land-surface processes are calculated. The weighted mean of the surface albedo over a typical arid region of the Dunhuang Gobi is calculated using the relative reflection as a weighting factor, and its value is 0.255 ± 0.021. After removing the influence of precipitation, the mean soil heat capacity over a typical arid region of the Dunhuang Gobi is 1.12 × 106 J m-3 K-1,which is smaller than that observed in the Heihe (China) River basin Field Experiment (HEIFE). The mean soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about half of those observed in HEIFE. 相似文献
12.
Abstract To determine how local geological events contributed to the evolution of accretionary complexes and eventual exposure of rocks with different structural levels, geochronological mapping was carried out using fission track (FT) analysis at the Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan. At this site, the original zonal structure of Cretaceous accretionary complexes parallel to the subduction zone is disturbed by the northward projection of the Shimanto accretionary complex. Twenty-six zircon FT ages were obtained from an area of ∼12 km in an east–west direction and ∼15 km in a north–south direction, and classified into three groups: (i) ages ∼15 Ma (range ∼10–20 Ma), which are distributed along the northwest–southeast valley; (ii) ages of ∼50 Ma in the northwest of the study area; and (iii) ages older than those in Groups 1 and 2. Based on results from eight zircon FT length distributions, the Miocene ages appear to be the result of spatial variations in heat influx and cooling after the regional exhumation of the area, as recorded by FT ages of ∼50 Ma. 相似文献
13.
鄂尔多斯盆地的西北部、东北部和南部三个区域现今大地热流平均值分别为56.3、67.3和65.3mW/m^2,对应的生态环境格局也有明显的差异。研究表明,大地热流每增加4~5mW/m^2可使年均地表温度升高约l℃,使最低月均地表温度升高2。C以上。鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的平均大地热流比西北部高出11mW/m^2,东北部年均地表温度可能比西北部高出2~3℃,其最低月均地表温度可能比西北部高出4~6℃。西北部的大地热流平均值已经低于维持地表生态系统延续所需大地热流的临界值(57mW/m^2),其自然生态系统整体上已经处于脆弱境地;东北部和南部的大地热流均大于57mW/m^2,自然生态系统均尚较稳健。东北部的沙漠化可能是风沙侵入的结果,其生态应该是可以恢复的。整个西北部作为一个整体看,72万年以前大地热流就已衰减到临界值以下,区域生态系统渐趋脆弱,开始整体上向荒漠化演变。 相似文献
14.
The shear viscosities and 1 bar heat capacities of glasses and melts along the 67mol% silica isopleth in the system SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 have been determined in the temperature ranges 780-1140 K and 305-1090 K respectively. Anomalous behaviour of both these properties is observed for compositions rich in TiO2 and/or Al2O3, an observation attributed to liquid-liquid phase separation followed by anatase crystallization. For samples which do not show anomalous behaviour, it is found that the partial molar heat capacity of the TiO2 component previously determined in Al-free compositions reproduces our heat capacities to within 1.3%. Viscosity data show that addition of TiO2 tends to increase viscosity and melt fragility at constant temperature. Furthermore, heat capacity and viscosity data may be combined within the framework of the Adam-Gibbs theory to extract values of the configurational entropy of the liquids and qualitative estimates of the variation of the average energy barrier to viscous flow. Configurational entropy at 900K is inferred to decrease upon addition of TiO2, in contrast to previous results from Al-free systems. The compositional limit separating normal from anomalous behaviour, as well as the data for homogenous melts have been used to constrain the structural role of Ti in these samples. Our data are consistent with a majority of Ti in five-fold coordination associated with a titanyl bond, in agreement with previous spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, we find no evidence for a Ti-Al interaction in our samples, and we are led to the conclusion that Al and Ti are incompletely mixed, a hypothesis consistent with the observed reduction of configurational entropy upon addition of TiO2, suggesting an important role of medium range order in controlling the variations in thermodynamic properties. 相似文献
15.
The seasonal and interannual variations of Beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the Beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and Beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, Beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of Beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of Beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level. 相似文献
16.
Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect. 相似文献
17.
SUN Jilin ) )* XU Delong ) and GU Dejun ) ) Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Climate Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R.China) Institute of Tropical Meteorology Guangzhou P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):200-206
1Introduction Theglobalclimatechangehasbeenoneoftheprob lemschallengingtheworldinrecentyears.TheweatherandclimateonEarthhasbeeninvariationontimescalesfromseasonaltomillennialorevenlonger.ResearchesonvariationsofweatherandclimateintheNorthernHemispherehave… 相似文献
18.
含铁闪锌矿热容的实验测定与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用美国DuPont公司的9900型差示扫描量热仪对3个含铁闪锌矿样品的热容进行了实验测定,并讨论了定压摩尔热容实验值与实验温度的关系。实验结果表明,在实验条件下,含铁闪锌矿的定压摩尔热容与纯闪锌矿的定压摩尔热容存在显著差异,Fe置换Zn是造成这种差异的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
20.
热带西太平洋热状况年代际和年际变化特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用谐波分析和EOF分析方法,对比研究了暖池区域表层热状况(海表温度距平SST'表征)和浅层热状况(热含量距平HS'和次表层海温距平ST'表征)在1月和7月的年代际、年际尺度时空特征.分析结果表明:⑴不同季节的年代际、年际尺度SST'和HS'都存在两个显著模态,HS'1月的年代际、年际尺度结构最简单,而SST'7月的年代际和1月年际结构最复杂;⑵ 1970年代末和1980年代初发生的年代际跃变HS'晚于SST', 且SST'(HS')呈增温(减少)趋势;⑶ HS'的年际异常与ENSO关系密切,而SST'与ENSO关系不显著. 相似文献