Wave-CISK和低纬大气低频振荡

本文运用一个包含Wave-CISK机制的斜压半地转模式来讨论低纬大气中的低频振荡。在我们以前研究工作的基础上，不仅考虑了CISK机制的作用，而且考虑了CISK机制垂直速度w[B]随纬度的变化。这样，建立的半地转模式和相应的解析解更能反映CISK机制对低纬低频振荡的作用。在求解中，我们运用了本征函数S[-3/2][m]（Sonine多项式）展开的方法，结果不仅得到了模式中所含的CISK-Kelvin波和CISK-Rossby波波速与对流凝结潜热参数η的关系，而且显示了低纬高、低层大气间的相互耦合作用。在这样     

IMPACT OF LATENT HEAT FLUX ON INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON DURING EL NI?O/LA NI?A YEARS

El Nio or La Nia manifest in December over the Pacific and will serve as an index for the forecasting of subsequent Indian summer monsoon,which occurs from June to mid-September.In the present article,an attempt is made to study the variation of latent heat flux (LHF) over the north Indian Ocean during strong El Nio and strong La Nia and relate it with Indian monsoon rainfall.During strong El Nio the LHF intensity is higher and associated with higher wind speed and lower cloud amount.During El Nio all India rainfall is having an inverse relation with LHF.Seasonal rainfall is higher in YY+1 (subsequent year) than YY (year of occurrence).However there is a lag in rainfall during El Nio YY+1 from June to July when compared with the monthly rainfall.     

半干旱雨养农田典型晴天感热、潜热的阶段差异

利用野外试验观测资料，就西北地区东部半干旱雨养农田典型晴天感热、潜热在作物不同生长时段的变化特征进行初步的探讨。结果表明：在作物不同生长阶段，我国西北地区东部半干旱雨养农田典型晴天的感热、潜热日变化特点基本相似，均表现为单峰型变化特征。从春季到夏季。感热的阶段变化表现为增加的趋势，而潜热的阶段变化与晴天前期的降水变化基本一致，呈波动趋势。在农田的地气能量交换中，植被的影响为主导因素时，主要表现为潜热交换方式，太阳辐射的影响为主导因素时主要表现为感热交换方式。农田典型晴天波恩比的阶段变化与晴天前期降水量的阶段变化有较好的反对应关系。降水的季节变化基本决定了农田水分的季节变化。     

1998年夏季西太副高活动与凝结潜热加热的关系

利用1998年南海季风试验逐日再分析资料,分析了1998年夏季梅雨期内凝结潜热加热对西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)中短期活动的影响。结果表明,不同位置的凝结潜热加热对西太副高的作用是不同的:当西太副高西侧的降水在它的边缘发生时,释放的凝结潜热加热可能迫使西太副高东退,离它较远处的降水则可能诱使西太副高西伸;西太副高北侧降水释放的凝结潜热加热将阻止它北进;南侧降水则有推动西太副高北进的作用。当南北两侧的凝结潜热加热等强度时,它原地不动,但强度增强,达到一定强度时西伸;若某一侧加热强度减弱,西太副高则有向该侧移动的趋势。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT FLUX OVER THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC DURING THE IOP OF TOGA-COARE

Based on the surface meteorological and radiosonde data during the IOP of TOGA-COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmospheric-Coupled Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment) at the observation site (2°15′S, 158°E)of "R/V Shiyan 3", characteristics of the heat flux, especially that pertaining two WWBs (westerly wind bursts)over the tropical western Pacific for the IOP, are exhaustively analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationships among large-scale circulation and mid-and-high latitude circulation are discussed. The results show that the latent and sensible heat fluxes from sea surface to air over the tropical western Pacific are very strong in both the WWBs,and that their causes of formation have important relations with cross-equatorial flow from the winter hemisphere,and the heat exchange over sea surface varies with different weather condition.     

ON USE OF LHN METHOD TO ASSIMILATE THE INTENSIFIED SURFACE PRECIPITATIONS FOR GRAPES_MESO MODEL INITIALIZATION

The quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) in very-short range (0-12 hours) has been investigated in this paper by using a convective-scale (3km) GRAPES_Meso model. At first, a latent heat nudging (LHN) scheme to assimilate the hourly intensified surface precipitation data was set up to enhance the initialization of GRAPES_Meso integration. And then based on the LHN scheme, a convective-scale prediction system was built up in considering the initial “triggering” uncertainties by means of multi-scale initial analysis (MSIA), such as the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR), the traditional LHN method (VAR0LHN3), the cycling LHN method (CYCLING), the spatial filtering (SS) and the temporal filtering (DFI) LHN methods. Furthermore, the probability matching (PM) method was used to generate the QPF in very-short range by combining the precipitation forecasts of the five runs. The experiments for one month were carried out to validate the MSIA and PM method for QPF in very-short range. The numerical simulation results showed that: (1) in comparison with the control run, the CYCLING run could generate the smaller-scale initial moist increments and was better for reducing the spin-up time and triggering the convection in a very-short time; (2) the DFI runs could generate the initial analysis fields with relatively larger-scale initial increments and trigger the weaker convections at the beginning time (0-3h) of integration, but enhance them at latter time (6-12h); (3) by combining the five runs with different convection triggering features, the PM method could significantly improve the QPF in very-short range in comparison to any single run. Therefore, the QPF with a small size of combining members proposed here is quite prospective in operation for its lower computation cost and better performance.     

A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF MOIST PROCESSES UPON THE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE COLD FRONTS:APPLICATION OF A 3D MESOSCALE MODEL IN FRONTAL SITUATIONS

A 3D mesoscale model is applied in a marine cold front case in order to investigate the impact oflatent heating on the structure of cold fronts.Results of the moist and dry simulations are comparedto stress the effects of moist processes.It is found that both the temperature gradient and the cyclonicvorticity across the frontal zone considerably increase due to the latent heating,especially in the lowertroposphere.A thermally direct cross-front ageostrophic circulation.forced by frontogenesis,is foundbetter developed and organized in the moist case than in the dry case.This cross-front directageostrophic circulation,particularly its ascending branch,is considerably enhanced by latent heatingdue to increased frontogenetical forcing and reduced effective static stability in the rising motion regionwhere condensation occurs.One important feature in most observed cold fronts is the presence of anintense rising cell just above their leading edge.This intense rising cell is well simulated in the moistcase but is less clear and much weaker in the dry case,indicating the important contribution by the la-tent heat release to the formation of this intense updraft above the surface cold front.     

中国省际虚拟旅游流网络结构的空间演变特征研究

虚拟旅游流一定程度上表征了游客需求的地理指向,是分析中国旅游业空间发展格局、推动国内大循环格局形成的重要突破点。论文利用2016—2020年百度指数搜索数据,基于虚拟旅游流流向视角,构建虚拟旅游吸引力与出游潜力指标,结合空间分析工具剖析其空间分布状况;通过虚拟旅游优势度与关联性分析各节点的作用与地位,系统考察虚拟旅游流网络结构的空间演变特征。研究发现：(1)从虚拟旅游流空间结构来看,北京、上海及云南为中心地区,三地向外辐射,形成了以京津冀、长三角、云贵川渝地区为核心的虚拟空间结构。(2)从虚拟旅游流的极化与扩散效应来看,长三角地区扩散效应显著,而京津冀及其以南地区和云贵川渝地区极化效应显著。其中,京津冀及其以南地区由双核结构转为单核结构;云贵川渝地区内外部联系不断增强,形成了多核心、多层级的强区域内循环结构。(3)基于虚拟旅游流网络结构演变特征分析发现,区域内部循环流动是促进区域内外部旅游均衡发展的有效途径。(4)经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、基础设施建设及时空邻近性等是影响虚拟旅游流网络结构演变的重要因素。     

城市地表热通量遥感反演及与下垫面关系分析

选择日本埼玉县熊谷市为研究区,应用ASTER热红外遥感图像,采用PCACA模型以及理论定位算法,对城市地表热通量的相关参数进行反演,进而分析城市下垫面不同土地覆盖类型对地表热通量以及能量平衡的影响.结果表明,PCACA模型应用于城市区域地表通量估算是可行的.这种算法可以大大减少在下垫面结构复杂的城市区域进行地表热通量估算时所需的参数,并有效降低研究结果的不确定性.研究发现,城乡不同下垫面地表覆盖类型对地表热通量的影响差异显著.不同地表下垫面类型的波文比由大到小顺序依次为:工业用地＞住宅用地＞交通用地＞公共设施用地＞旱田＞公共绿地＞水域.在相同的外部气象条件下,与城市周边的植被覆盖区相比,城市人工建筑用地具有较高的显热通量,较低的潜热通量,以及较高的波文比.由于城市地表显热通量和波文比明显高于周边植被覆盖地表,导致城市地表向低层大气供热的增加,这是城市热岛效应形成的重要机制之一.     

云存储中面向访问任务的小文件合并与预取策略

针对云存储中通用分布式文件系统的小文件问题,改进概率潜语义分析(PLSA)模型,提出了一种面向用户访问任务的小文件合并与预取策略。该策略分析用户的访问任务、系统应用和访问文件之间的关系,根据任务合并小文件,并基于任务的转移概率预取文件。对建立的效率模型的分析和基于HDFS的数字城市原型系统实验结果都表明,此策略有较高的预取命中率,可以有效减少元数据服务器的负载和用户请求响应时延。