罗锅沟大爆破技术

以罗锅沟大爆破为例，介绍了洞室大爆破的施工组织，并着重问述了在进行技术设计时，应注意以下几点：（１）药室的布置及爆破参数的确定；（２）起爆网路的设计；（３）施工设计；（４）安全校核及安全措施。     

VENTILATION FLOW IN A BAROCLINIC VORTEX RELATED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION*

The tropical cyclone motion is numerically simulated with a quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model.The flow field of a tropical cyclone is decomposed into its axisymmetric and asymmetric components.The relation between the ventilation flow vector and the motion vector of the tropical cyclone is investigated.The results of numerical experiments indicate:(1) There are both large-scale beta gyres and small-scale gyres in the asyrnmetric flow field.(2) The interaction between small-scale gyres and large-scale beta gyres leads to the oscillation of translation speed and translation direction for the tropical cyclone.(3) There are the large deviations between the ventilation flow vector calculated by means of Fiorino and Elsberry's method and the motion vector of tropical cyclone.(4) The ventilation flow vector computed using the improved method closely correlates with the motion vector of the tropical cyclone.     

川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段地质灾害影响因素定量分析

川藏公路然乌—鲁朗段工程地质条件极其复杂,导致大型地质灾害频繁发生。为了定量地分析各种影响因素对大型地质灾害的贡献,本文根据信息熵的理论和方法,提出了“地质灾害熵”的概念。通过详细分析川藏公路然乌—鲁朗段大型地质灾害资料,选择平均坡度、断层和节理、岩体结构、松散堆积物、水文地质条件、冰川作用和降雨等7个影响因素,分析它们对研究区某些大型地质灾害的影响程度,计算出了各影响因素的“地质灾害熵”。根据“地质灾害熵”计算得到了各影响因素的权重,在一定程度上解决了地质灾害影响因素的定量分析问题。     

VENTILATION FLOW IN A BAROCLINIC VORTEX RELATED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION

The tropical cyclone motion is numerically simulated with a quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model.The flow field of a tropical cyclone is decomposed into its axisymmetric and asymmetric components.The relation between the ventilation flow vector and the motion vector of the tropical cyclone is inves-tigated.The results of numerical experiments indicate:(1) There are both large-scale beta gyres andsmall-scale gyres in the asyrnmetric flow field.(2) The interaction between small-scale gyres andlarge-scale beta gyres leads to the oscillation of translation speed and translation direction for the tropi-cal cyclone.(3) There are the large deviations between the ventilation flow vector calculated bymeans of Fiorino and Elsberry's method and the motion vector of tropical cyclone.(4) The ventila-tion flow vector computed using the improved method closely correlates with the motion vector of thetropical cyclone.     

Multi-layer Tectonic Model for Intraplate Deformation and Plastic-Flow Network in the Asian Continental Lithosphere

In a large area of the east—central Asian continent there is a unified seismic network system composed of two families of large—seismic belts that intersect conjugately. Such a seismic network in the middle—upper crust is actually a response to the plastic flow network in the lower lithosphere including the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. The existence of the unified plastic flow system confirms that the driving force for intraplate tectonic deformation results mainly from the compression of the India plate, while the long-range transmission of the force is carried out chiefly by means of plastic flow. The plastic flow network has a control over the intraplate tectonic deformation.     

Geodynamic settings of Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in North China and adjacent areas

Based on the summary of the highly precise datings of the metal deposits and related granitic rocks in North China craton and adjacent areas, such as the molybdenite Re-Os datings,⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar datings of mica, K-feldspar and quartz, some Rb-Sr isochrons, and the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and single grain zircon U-Pb dating, we suggest that the large-scale mineralization in North China craton and adjacent areas take place in three periods of 200-160Ma, 140Ma±, and 130-110Ma. Their corresponding geodynamic settings are proposed to be the collision orogenic process, transformation of the tectonic regime, and delamination of the lithosphere, respectively, in light of analyzing the Mesozoic geodynamic evolution in the North China craton.     

一次春季罕见的降水天气过程分析

对吉林省2005年春季（4月19--22日）罕见的降水天气过程在大尺度环流形势、物理条件分析的基础上，重点对其逐时自动站风场资料进行分析，结果表明利用逐时自动站风场分析的中尺度切变对强降水落区、降水强度和强降水发生的时间都具有很好的指示意义；中尺度切变的形成也与地形条件有关。     

1981年7月9-14日四川持续性暴雨分析

1981年7月9—14日岷江、沱江、涪江和嘉陵江流域出现持续性暴雨,并在四川省造成了历史上最严重的洪涝灾害。该文利用逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°逐日再分析资料和日本GMS卫星资料反演的TBB资料进行诊断分析以探讨此次暴雨持续的原因。结果表明:由于对流层低层的暖平流和其他大尺度强迫,高空槽长时间维持在长江上游地区,有利于槽后冷空气下沉南伸,与来自孟加拉湾的暖湿气流在盆地交汇,致使西南涡东移甚慢,于7月11—14日活跃在四川盆地上空。当西南涡沿梅雨锋缓慢东移时,长生命史的中尺度对流系统(MCS)在岷江、沱江、涪江和嘉陵江流域连续多次生消,导致暴雨系统持续维持在这些地区。大尺度的强迫在暴雨区上空产生了大范围持续性的上升运动,而暴雨所需的强上升运动主要由大量局地对流有效位能释放提供。对流层低层持续的水汽辐合和位势不稳定能量的输送则为暴雨的持续提供了充足的水汽和能量。与2004年9月发生在四川盆地东部的严重致洪持续性暴雨比较发现,虽然两次持续性暴雨发生的环流背景不同,但暴雨发生的物理机理一致,暴雨过程中持续性的上升运动均主要由大尺度强迫等引起,而且两次持续性暴雨的发生均与来自孟加拉湾的强水汽输送有关。     

Early J2 basalts in SE China: Incipience of large-scale late Mesozoic magmatism

Magmatism in SE China was dormant during 204–180 Ma, but was reactivated in 180–170 Ma (early J₂), and then became more and more intensive towards the end of early Cretaceous. The small-scale early J₂ magmatism is the incipience to long-term and large-scale magmatism in this region. A near east-west (EW) trend volcanic belt was distributed across south Hunan, south Jiangxi and southwest Fujian was formed during early J₂ time. Along this belt from the inland toward the coast, the lithology of basalts changes from alkali into tholeiite, and the amount of erupted volcanic rocks and the proportions of rhyolites coexisting with the basalts increase. On the basis of geochemical characteristics of these basalts, we infer that the melting degree of source rocks and the extent of fractional crystallization and crustal contamination all increased whereas the depth of mantle source decreased from the inland to the coast, which led to the variations of geological characteristics of the volcanic belt. In early J₂, the western spreading Pacific plate began to subduct underneath SE China continental block, reactivating near EW trend deep fault that was originally formed during the Indosinian event. The stress of the western spreading Pacific plate and the extent of asthenosphere upwelling increased from the inland to the coast, which is consistent with the generation and evolution of early J₂ basalts.     

青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制

龙门-锦屏山的东缘发育一系列逆冲断裂和飞来峰构造,逆冲作用使山体向东叠置在四川盆地之上。新的野外调查、显微构造分析和糜棱岩石英组构的EBSD测量表明,在龙门-锦屏山的前震旦纪变质杂岩体西缘(即青藏高原东缘)发育一条近NS向的大型韧性拆离断裂,被20Ma以来形成的NW—SE向鲜水河韧性走滑剪切带[1]左行错位80km。青藏高原东缘韧性拆离断裂中黑云母40Ar-39Ar测年获得112～120Ma的年龄,表明龙门-锦屏山的崛起可能与白垩纪开始的垂向挤出机制密切关联。结合四川前陆盆地的沉积及演化特征,认为晚三叠世时期羌塘/东昆仑/扬子陆块的碰撞形成松潘-甘孜造山带,晚三叠世—侏罗纪在其东南缘形成四川前陆盆地沉积;早白垩世龙门-锦屏山开始抬升,晚白垩世快速崛起,在四川前陆盆地沉积之上叠置白垩纪—第四纪再生前陆盆地的沉积。龙门-锦屏山的崛起与白垩纪以来扬子板块岩石圈对于松潘-甘孜地体的陆内俯冲作用有关,使位于中下地壳的变质基底岩石在挤出机制下隆起。