台风威马逊(1409)强度与降水变化的相互作用

利用2014年7月10日00:00—19日18:00(世界时)热带降水测量(TRMM)卫星3B42降水估测数据以及ERA5再分析数据,结合傅里叶变换以及Liang-Kleeman信息流等方法,分析台风威马逊(1409)强度与降水变化的相互作用。结果表明：台风威马逊(1409)降水具有明显的非对称性,降水主要位于台风中心偏西一侧,在该区域台风强度与降水相互影响。相较于台风强度对降水的影响,由降水到台风强度的信息流减小接近1个量级,表明在两者的相互作用中,台风强度变化的影响占主导。在水汽条件上,台风强度的增强(减弱)导致台风中心西南侧水汽通量辐合(辐散)的增强,进而与该区域的降水建立联系。此外,台风威马逊(1409)移动过程中随着强度变化,南海以及西太平洋水汽通道均存在明显响应。在动力条件上,中低层垂直螺旋度强值中心主要位于台风中心西侧,台风强度的增强(减弱),导致台风中心西侧的垂直螺旋度绝对值增大(减小),一定程度促进(抑制)了该区域上升运动的发展,造成更多(更少)的水汽凝结致雨。     

多通道地基微波辐射计在0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后探测性能及特征分析

利用上海市气象局2007年9月进行的"韦帕"台风探测试验资料和地面常规观测资料,对多通道地基微波辐射计在0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后探测性能及特征进行了分析。结果表明:多通道地基微波辐射计探测的温度和相对湿度趋势与GPS探空得到的基本一致,尽管二者之间存在一些小的差异,但也表明了微波辐射计对台风具有一定的探测能力。0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后温度和水汽密度场上,甚短生命史的冷暖气柱和高水汽密度柱十分活跃,体现了"韦帕"台风登陆前后的阵性特征。     

The Dynamical Characteristics and Wave Structure of Typhoon Rananim （2004）

Typhoon Rananim (2004) was one of the severest typhoons landfalling the Chinese mainland from 1996 to 2004. It brought serious damage and induced prodigious economical loss. Using a new generation of mesoscale model, named the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system, with 1.667 km grid horizontal spacing on the finest nested mesh, Rananim was successfully simulated in terms of track, intensity, eye, eyewall, and spiral rainbands. We compared the structures of Rananim to those of hurricanes in previous studies and observations to assess the validity of simulation. The three-dimensional (3D) dynamic and thermal structures of eye and eyewall were studied based on the simulated results. The focus was investigation of the characteristics of the vortex Rossby waves in the inner-core region. We found that the Rossby vortex waves propagate azimuthally upwind against the azimuthal mean tangential flow around the eyewall, and their period was longer than that of an air parcel moving within the azimuthal mean tangential flow. They also propagated outward against the boundary layer inflow of the azimuthal mean vortex. Futhermore, we studied the connection between the spiral potential vorticity (PV) bands and spiral rainbands, and found that the vortex Rossby waves played an important role in the formation process of spiral rainbands.     

台风激发的第二类地脉动特征及激发模式分析

台风引起的海浪通常可加强地脉动能量,而地脉动的激发机制和噪声源位置存在一定争议。通过计算沿海和内陆的7个宽频带地震台站2020年7月1日—9月1日连续波形数据的功率谱密度并对连续波型数据进行极化分析,定量讨论台风期间不同频段的功率谱密度值变化,研究佘山台、大洋山台、横湖台、天平山台和秦皇山台的噪声源方向分布。结果表明：台风黑格比和巴威明显加强了双频地脉动功率谱密度值,尤其对于长周期双频地脉动的加强作用更为显著,对于单频地脉动及≥20 s周期地脉动的影响则相对不显著;佘山台、大洋山台、秦皇山台、天平山台和横湖台记录的短周期双频地脉动可能是邻近海域不同噪声源起主导作用;长周期双频地脉动的噪声源方向一致性较好,指向南南西方向,可能受到南海海域或者更南边的源区的影响,而单频地脉动则主要受到海岸线上不同噪声源的影响。     

The diel vertical migration of the sound-scattering layer in the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water of the southeastern Yellow Sea：focus on its relationship with a temperature structure

Using the hydroacoustic method with a 200 kHz scientific echo sounding system,the diel vertical migration(DVM) of the sound-scattering layer(SSL) in the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water(YSBCW) of the southeastern Yellow Sea was studied in April(spring) and August(summer) of 2010 and 2011.For each survey,13–27 hours of acoustic data were continuously collected at a stationary station.The acoustic volume scattering strength(Sv) data were analyzed with temperature profile data.In the spring of both 2010 and 2011,the SSL clearly showed the vertical migration throughout the entire water column,moving from the surface layer at night to near the bottom during the day.Conductivity,temperature,and depth data indicated that the entire water column was well mixed with low temperature of about 8 C.However,the SSL showed different patterns in the summers of 2010 and 2011.In the summer of 2010(28 C at the surface),the SSL migrated to near the bottom during the day,but there were two SSLs above and below the thermocline at depth of 10–30 m at night.In the summer of 2011(20 C at the surface),the SSL extended throughout the entire water column at night,possibly owing to an abrupt change in sea weather conditions caused by the passage of a Typhoon Muifa over the study area.It was concluded that the DVM patterns in summer in the YSBCW area may be greatly influenced by a strengthened or weakened thermocline.     

温州市台风引发斜坡地质灾害影响因子分析

浙江省温州市是台风引发斜坡地质灾害高发区。采用灰色关联度法分析该地区此类地质灾害各影响因子的作用程度和因子间关系。研究中以野外调查为基础,结合台风资料构建GIS数据库。结果表明,各因子作用程度量化排序依次为风力、坡度、坡向、岩组结构、降雨、植被、高程、临空面坡角和七级风圈持续时间,风力与其它因子的相关性最强,七级风圈持续时间相关性最弱。     

基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统

基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统,将台风路径信息应用到当前最为流行的移动设备iPad上,为政府、气象等部门的气象灾害应急指挥提供了新的技术手段和方法,具有可以随时、随地办公的优势,从而及时地向广大群众传递台风防灾减灾信息,增强台风防灾减灾能力。重点阐述了基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统的构建流程以及台风路径功能实现的方法。     

珠江口鸡啼门近海海洋对台风的响应

海洋对台风的响应对台风预报具有重要意义,但是由于动力结构比较复杂,近岸水体对台风的响应仍然不明确。基于珠江口海洋生态环境教育部野外科学观测研究站的1号浮标观测资料(2021年7~8月),分析了珠江口鸡啼门海域在台风“查帕卡”和“卢碧”期间海洋动力学和热力学响应特征。台风过境引起水体的纬向流速显著增强,“查帕卡”激发了强烈的顺时针近惯性振荡,“卢碧”则激发了接近惯性频率的逆时针海水运动。受当地浅水深的影响,近惯性能量在一个惯性周期(32 h)后快速耗散。两个台风引起的海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)降温幅度均大于2.2℃,这种降温受潜热通量影响较大;同时,台风过后晚上的SST均大于白天的SST,这也是受到潜热通量的影响。     

北海银滩响应台风作用的动力地貌过程

极端高能事件影响下的海滩动力地貌过程直接关乎岸滩稳定及海堤安全。本文基于2020年16号台风“浪卡”前后北海银滩顺直岸段的剖面高程及表层沉积物等资料, 探究了中等潮差的顺直响应台风作用的地貌变化机制。结果表明: 1) 台风后海滩地貌表现为冲流带的大型沙坝消失, 后滨沙丘-滩槽体系被削平, 滩面坡度趋于平缓。2) 银滩沉积物均以中砂、细砂和极细砂为主, 三者占比超过95%; 台风后, 高潮位带沉积物变细, 低潮位带沉积物变粗, 沙坝附近则出现粗细交错式变化; 银滩中高潮位带滩面响应台风过程的特征与强潮型海滩相似, 呈现消散型海滩的特征, 而低潮位带滩面则因大型沙坝的作用而呈现弱潮型海滩特征。3) 台风期间波浪是影响海滩的主要动力因素, 海滩地形影响了近岸水动力的表现形式, 从而改变了沉积物的粒径分布。     

“海棠”和“泰利”对湖北降水影响的诊断分析

利用T213数值预报产品和常规气象资料,研究2个登陆西行热带气旋对湖北省降水分布的影响。结果表明:热带气旋"海棠"在西行过程中,其北部倒槽自东向西掠过湖北大部地区时,由于无次级环流出现,而未发生强降水天气;"泰利"在西行过程中,其北部倒槽在掠过鄂东地区时,由于有次级环流相配合,所以带来鄂东地区的强降水天气。次级环流是由多种因素引起的,次级环流产生地与强降水发生地是一致的。