影响计算海湾内台风波浪的诸因素

本文阐明了影响计算海湾内台风波浪的重要因素，使用我们目前已改进了的模式，可克服以往的计算缺陷，而使计算效果达到最佳。同时，阐述了不同海湾、不同的地理环境对台风浪波能的消衰不同。并强调了台风增水对台风浪计算的影响，其也直接影响着工程设计波浪参数的合理选取。     

Numerical Simulations of Sea Surface Cooling by a Mixed Layer Model during the Passage of Typhoon Rex

In order to investigate the formation mechanism of rapid decrease of maritime sea surface temperature (SST) observed by R/V Keifu Maru, the ocean response to Typhoon Rex is simulated using a mixed layer model. The rapid decrease of the maritime SST is successfully simulated with realistic atmospheric forcing and an entrainment scheme of which sources of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are production due to wind stress, generation during free convection, and production due to current shear. The rapid decrease at the observed station by R/V Keifu Maru is not produced by instant atmospheric forcing but is mainly produced by entrainment on the right side of the running typhoon as a part of cooling area during its passage, and remained during a few days. The sea surface cooling (SSC) is evident along the track and on the right side of the running typhoon, which is similar to the SSC of satellite observation by TRMM/TMI. The conspicuous SSC produced by both entrainment and upwelling is situated just under the track of typhoon when the typhoon moves slower. Intercomparison of entrainment schemes of the mixed layer model is implemented. Frictional velocity and buoyancy effects are effective for a gradual SSC covering the wide region. In contrast, the effect of current shear at the mixed layer base is related to the amount of SSC and the sharp horizontal gradient of SSC. The entrainment scheme including all three TKE sources has the best performance for SSC simulation.     

Features of Monsoon, Typhoon and Sea Waves in the Taiwan Strait

For Future cross-sea passage spanning the Taiwan Strait, no matter what kind of scheme is adopted, its design, construction, and administration are closely related to marine hydrological and meteorological environmental elements. In this article, based on a great number of observed data, analyses for wave, typhoon, and monsoon conditions in the Taiwan strait region are made and their distributional features and character values are given. Especially, the wave height and occurrence frequencies of disastrous waves are analyzed, and the values of design wave parameters (wave height and period with a given return period) are estimated to use for the reference of the scheme optimization and project preliminary program of cross-sea passage spanning the strait.     

台风过程研究中四维资料同化方法的探讨及应用

与把任意分布的观测值通过空间和时间插值分析到网格点的方法相比较,结合动力关系分析大气场问题的方法,其优势十分明显.Charney等[1]建议在一个能提供时间连续和动力耦合的模式预报方程中,有机地结合现在和过去的资料.后来这个概念被发展为众所周知的四维资料同化(FDDA).起初,四维资料同化主要应用于全球尺度,现在,无论是动力初始化还是作为一个分析或者研究工具,四维资料同化都有效地应用在中尺度模式上[2,3].     

台风Rananim登陆后引发强降水成因和暴雨分布的诊断分析

首先对2004年第14号台风Rananim登陆后造成的强降水过程按主要影响系统进行了划分,指出第一阶段的降水是由台风本身环流产生的,第二阶段的降水则是台风残留低压与中纬度西风带环流系统共同作用的结果。然后针对暴雨在台风登陆点南北两侧非对称分布的特点进行了重点分析,结果表明,台风暴雨的非对称分布与台风本身的非对称结构、南北两侧不同的水汽输送以及中尺度地形有密切关系。同时利用湿位涡分析方法诊断了台风暴雨时空分布特征,发现湿位涡负值中心与暴雨中心存在较好对应关系,而且其中心数值的绝对值大小与1 h降水强度存在正相关关系,从而说明湿位涡负值中心可以作为降水时空分布的重要指标,为台风暴雨预报提供一种思路。     

0010号台风"碧利斯"导致莆田市持续性暴雨的成因分析

通过对2000年8月22－27日莆田市持续性暴雨的成因进行诊断分析发现，此次暴雨过程不仅与台风核心云团降水过程关系密切，而且与西南季风和越赤道气流引发的降水过程关系密切，从而为台风暴雨预报提供依据。     

台风移速突变的诊断预报方法

用１９８０—１９８６年２０时欧洲中心的１０００，８５０，７００，５００，３００，２００及１００ｈＰａ共７层的网格点资料，利用台风移速方程，挑选了进入南海的２６个台风个例，计算了１２，２４，３６及４８ｈ的台风移速及移向，同时也计算了实际台风前后１２，２４，３６及４８ｈ移速和移向，计算出不同时刻的台风实际的移速差△Ｖ及移向基面△θ．分析表明：计算的不同时刻的台风移速整差△Ｖ与台风实际的移速差△Ｖ的符号相同的概括率是比较高的，结果是比较理想的，有一定的实际预报意义．     

近岸区域及河口区台风风场动力诊断模型

由梯度风平衡原理得出具有非对称性的台风模型风场 ,将台风模型风场与 NCAR客观分析风场嵌套得到大区风场并从中取出中尺度动力诊断模式 Mass所需的初始风场 ,再由 Mass模式对局部关键性区域海面风场作动力调整 ,同时结合实测资料使用 Nudging同化方法进行调整 ,从而获得具有较好实用性的台风近岸及河口区的海面风场。文中用上述模型对 90 15号和 9711号台风作了诊断分析试验 ,得到了比较合理的并符合实际观测的台风海面风场     

A discussion on typhoon occurred in the Haikou Bay and impact mechanism on seawater quality

INTRODUIONThe Haikou Bay is an imPOrtant hay in Hainan Pmeince. Investigatnin of water qualitywas carried out three times every y6ar to understand the vatying trend of water quality fOr tak-ing pmpr countereres. betimes we may ee comParison conclustons of poIluting degreein Water Quality Monitoring Bulletin Of HaikOu Bay. But the comParison conclusbo is notreareable because the ocean is a complicated system with the interaction of wind, current,wave, tide, biolOgy, chemistry and so …     

长江口的台风浪及其对崇明东滩的冲淤作用

本文分析了多年的台风和波浪资料得到如下的结果:对崇明东滩有较大影响的台风路径主要有两类:即在浙江中部至长江口登陆的台风和在长江口外侧海域转向北上的台风;佘山岛海洋站百年一遇的最大波高为5.6m;台风期间偏北、东北、东南的强风向均能引起长江口较大的增水现象。 本文还以8310号台风为例,阐明了台风前后的冲淤变化及台风浪塑造的滩地地貌形态。指出东旺沙和北八效高潮滩冲淤甚微,中低潮滩冲刷严重,奚东沙高潮滩冲刷严重,中低潮滩呈微淤状态。波浪对东滩塑造的主要地貌形态有冲刷坑和浪蚀泥坎。