Study on Paleoenvironment since Late Glacial Eooch in Lanzhou Area, China

The Hongzuisi Section in Lanzhou area is used to infer the paleoclimate since the late glacial epoch. Through combined analysis of organic carbon isotope and CaCO3 content, paleoenvironment evolution of Hongzuisi Section since the late glacial epoch is discussed. There were changes in both drymoist and warm-cold. Especially the climate changes can be compared with synchronous sections of other areas, which provides useful information for our future forecast.     

STUDY ON THE ISOTOPIC CHRONOLOGY AND THE TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DUGUER GRANITIC GNEISS IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG, TIBET

STUDY ON THE ISOTOPIC CHRONOLOGY AND THE TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DUGUER GRANITIC GNEISS IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG, TIBET     

东南极Lambert冰川流域表面雪层中稳定同位素分布及近几十年来的气候变化(英)

The Lambert Glacier basin is one of particular regions in East Antarctica, because of its distinctive topography. During the repeat inland traverses carried out in recent several years, surface 2 m snow samples and shallow (10～27 m deep) cores were collected at several ten stations and at near ten stations, respectively. The stable isotopic ratios of these samples and cores were measured in order to investigate the relation of isotopes with temperature and to study the climatic change in recent decades over this area. The correlation between isotopic ratios and mean annual temperature gives that δ-temperature gradient is relatively close to that along a traverse route between Vostok and Mirnyy stations. The inconsistency of δ18O profiles of these cores makes it difficult to distinguish an overall trend of climatic change in past decades. After incorporating the result of snow accumulation variability and temperature record over 30 years at the coast station, it is believed that climate was in a little cooling and drying from 1950s to 1980s and has been in a warming period since then.     

鳙、鲢鱼鳞作为稳定同位素研究非致命采样替代物的有效性

稳定同位素分析技术已成为食物网研究中的关键技术,通用方法是取鱼类背部白色肌肉,在实际应用过程会导致鱼类的死亡,因而有所局限.使用非致命组织作为稳定同位素研究中的替代组织越来越得到关注,但是目前国内尚未开展相关研究.比较鳙(Aristichthy nobilis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值,发现鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值均有显著差异.鱼鳞δ13C比值比肌肉更富集,平均高2.54‰,而δ15N比值比肌肉平均低0.7‰.对鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ15N比值含量进行相关分析发现,通过构建线性模型,可用校正后的鱼鳞δ15N比值替代肌肉组织δ15N比值.鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值存在显著线性相关,而鳙的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值无显著相关关系.     

新疆阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os定年及成因意义

阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床位于中亚成矿域阿尔泰成矿省哈龙-青河成矿带的东南部。7件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素年龄介于(224.6±3.1)Ma与(235.7±3.4)Ma之间,加权平均年龄为(229.0±3.0)Ma,等时线年龄为(228.7±7.1)Ma,表明成矿作用发生于印支期。辉钼矿样品Re含量为38.26~56.45μg/g,指示成矿元素Re具有壳幔混合来源特征。由于阿斯喀尔特铍-钼矿床成矿时代晚于古亚洲洋闭合时间(约250 Ma),并且花岗岩-伟晶岩体系中的晚期伟晶岩以低的锆石Hf同位素组成(–1.50~+1.69)为特征,相似于区域中侵入的三叠纪伟晶岩中锆石Hf同位素组成,如可可托海3号脉、柯鲁木特112号脉,因此,推测与阿斯喀尔特铍钼矿床具有成因联系的花岗岩-伟晶岩体系,其成因与哈萨克斯坦-西伯利亚板块在晚古生代发生陆-陆碰撞造山作用,在三叠纪构造体系由挤压转为伸展背景下,先期存在幔源物质的古老地壳物质发生减压部分熔融有关。     

Carbon Isotope Geochemistry of the Orinoco Basin

Stable carbon isotope ratios have been used to study the sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Orinoco Basin. The isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon shows a range of from -8·1 to -23·0 ppt, an indication of dominance of biological processes. The isotopic composition of POC exhibits a range of from -24·1 to -34·6 ppt with little seasonal variation. The isotopic evidence indicates that the POC is predominantly of terrestrial origin rather than a result of in situ planktonic production. The similarity of isotopic composition of POC and coastal sediments suggests that riverine organic detritus has been transported 30-50 km offshore in a direction parallel to the Orinoco river channel.     

碳同位素在草地生态系统碳循环中的应用与展望

草地生态系统在全球碳循环研究中占有重要地位,目前,碳同位素技术已经被广泛地应用于草地生态系统碳循环研究中。本文阐述了碳同位素在草地土壤有机碳的来源、光合作用产物碳在草地生态系统中的分配、草地土壤有机质的周转及草地土壤呼吸研究方面的应用,重点论述了碳同位素在土壤呼吸方面的应用。应用碳同位素对土壤呼吸进行区分的方法主要包括13C自然丰度法、脉冲标记法、同位素稀释法、模拟根际沉积物法、14CO2动态模型法、根系分泌物洗涤法等。碳同位素技术对草地土壤和根干扰很小,方法相对成熟,为深入研究草地生态系统碳循环提供了巨大潜力。在我国,应用碳同位素方法研究草地生态系统碳循环在土壤有机碳的来源、分配及周转和土壤呼吸区分等方面有进一步研究的必要,也有进一步研究的发展空间。     

Ionospheric measurements of relative coronal brightness during the total solar eclipses of 11 August, 1999 and 9 July, 1945

Swept-frequency (1/10 MHz) ionosonde measurements were made at Helston, Cornwall (50°06N, 5°18W) during the total solar eclipse on August 11, 1999. Soundings were made every three minutes. We present a method for estimating the percentage of the ionising solar radiation which remains unobscured at any time during the eclipse by comparing the variation of the ionospheric E-layer with the behaviour of the layer during a control day. Application to the ionosonde date for 11 August, 1999, shows that the flux of solar ionising radiation fell to a minimum of 25±2% of the value before and after the eclipse. For comparison, the same technique was also applied to measurements made during the total solar eclipse of 9 July, 1945, at Sörmjöle (63°68N, 20°20E) and yielded a corresponding minimum of 16 ± 2%. Therefore the method can detect variations in the fraction of solar emissions that originate from the unobscured corona and chromosphere. We discuss the differences between these two eclipses in terms of the nature of the eclipse, short-term fluctuations, the sunspot cycle and the recently-discovered long-term change in the coronal magnetic field.     

滇西腾冲地块高黎贡山群早志留世变质花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及意义

西南特提斯构造带广泛发育的早古生代岩浆岩是冈瓦纳大陆边缘原特提斯洋增生造山作用的产物,目前报导的岩浆岩侵位时代在536~448Ma。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,在腾冲地块东缘高黎贡山群中首次发现了年轻至~437Ma的片麻状花岗质岩体,并结合其锆石Hf同位素和全岩主微量地球化学特征,进一步制约原特提斯洋构造演化过程。样品主量元素显示此片麻状花岗岩体具有高硅(SiO_2=72.78%~73.69%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.23%~8.70%)的过铝质(A/CNK=1.08~1.12)特征,微量元素显示此岩体相对富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素(K、Rb)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti)以及Ba、Sr、Eu。综合岩石样品的矿物组合特征和地球化学特征,判断该岩体为S型花岗岩,源于以砂屑岩为主的沉积岩类的部分熔融,且源区有斜长石的残留。锆石εHf(t)值(-9.8~-6.2)和二阶段模式年龄tDM2(2.0~1.8Ga)也表明其源于古老地壳沉积物,且无幔源物质加入。根据全岩锆饱和温度计和锆石Ti温度计得出其岩浆从源区发生部分熔融到固结的过程中,温度从794℃左右下降到约754℃。熔浆温度较高,推测源区部分熔融过程中有地幔热的供给。综合前人研究成果,冈瓦纳大陆边缘在早古生代依次经历了原特提斯洋板片俯冲(ca.530~510Ma)、地块群增生与洋板片断离(ca.510~490Ma)、岩石圈挤压增厚(ca.490~475Ma)和岩石圈地幔拆沉(ca.470~460Ma)。岩石圈地幔拆沉将导致软流圈上涌及随后大陆岩石圈的持续伸展。腾冲地块侵位于~437Ma的花岗质岩体系该拆沉构造后的伸展环境中,以砂屑岩为主的古老地壳沉积岩在地幔热的供给下发生部分熔融的产物。