瞬变电磁法快速探查煤矿突水构造关键技术及应用效果

受地形和地质条件的影响,快速探查积水老窑突水淹井通道、探查淹井突水小构造等是煤矿水文物探研究的难点。通过研究TEM在煤矿水文地质勘探中的关键技术问题,充分利用TEM的对低阻敏感、横向分辨率高、速度快等特点,应用新的反演技术提高TEM的准确度,在多次煤矿突水淹井抢险救援(灾)中,快速准确地完成了煤矿突水构造的定位探测,为煤矿抢险救灾赢得了时间,社会效益和经济效益明显。      

中国二氧化碳地质储存目标靶区筛选技术方法

在沉积盆地三级构造单元CO₂地质储存潜力与适宜性评价得出的“适宜CO₂地质储存”区域的基础上,借鉴国外已有的选址流程和方法,结合我国的地质条件和技术方法水平,提出了深部咸水层CO₂地质储存目标靶区筛选评价指标体系,包括安全性、储存规模、场地地面环境条件和经济适宜性四大评价指标层以及44个具体评价指标,并将层次分析法和多因子逐层叠加法等评价方法应用于目标靶区筛选。通过鄂尔多斯盆地和河套盆地3处典型目标靶区适宜性评价的实例,证明了该评价指标体系在目标靶区筛选过程中具有较好的可操作性和推广应用价值。     

路基坡脚积水对多年冻土路基稳定性的影响研究进展

多年冻土路基的稳定性很大程度上取决于其下伏多年冻土层的热稳定性. 当融雪、降雨或人为等外界因素形成的路基坡脚积水持续一段时间后,这些积水可能通过入渗对流换热、热边界侵蚀、补给冻胀水分等方式加剧或诱发多年冻土路基热稳定性的下降和丧失. 通过回顾国内外相关文献,从影响多年冻土路基稳定性的因素、积水对路基活动层冻融过程中水分迁移的影响、热融湖塘类积水对冻土路基的热影响、降雨和融雪积水入渗对冻土路基的热影响等方面,归纳总结了坡脚积水对多年冻土路基影响方面的研究进展;在此基础上,提出了对此问题进一步深入的研究展望和探讨.     

寒区露天煤矿排土场边坡生态修复研究

通过对寒旱区生态修复技术的集成创新,结合寒区露天煤矿排土场植物生长条件特点,提出了适合矿区边坡的生态修复技术. 选择典型煤矿排土场展开现场试验,观测人工种植植物的生长情况,并采用计算流体力学数值分析手段,对排土场边坡生态修复防止风力侵蚀和降雨冲刷的效果进行了分析. 结果表明：采用边坡穴植植物装置实施的排土场生态修复工程效果良好,施工1 a后其边坡植被覆盖度达到95%,且边坡植物群落较为稳定,有效地消除了该地区冬季的风力侵蚀和夏季的降雨冲刷,彻底解决了排土场的水土流失问题.     

Analysis of the negative effects of groundwater exploitation on geological environment in Asia

This paper summarizes the negative effects on geological environment caused by groundwater exploitation and its distribution. There are seven main types of the geological environment negative effects, which are generally as follows:(1) Constant decrease of groundwater level is mainly distributed in China(East Asia), India(South Asia), Tajikistan(Central Asia) and Saudi Arabia(West Asia);(2) land subsidence occurs mainly in eastern plains of East Asia and west Siberian Plain of North Asia;(3) seawater intrusion occurs mainly in China, Japan and South Korea in East Asia, Philippines and Indonesia in Southeast Asia, the Indian coastal areas in South Asia;(4) groundwater level decline caused by groundwater exploitation in oil fields;(5) mining collapse is mainly in 50° to 70° north latitude band;(6) the total area of karst collapse in China of East Asia is as much as 197.05 km~2; and(7) ground fracture is mainly distributed in the North China Plain, Fenwei Plain and the Yangtze River Delta. Asia can be divided into 6 zones in terms of the geological environment negative effect caused by groundwater exploitation. According to analysis, with the increasing intensity of human activities, geological environment issues become more and more serious, therefore it is vital to control the human activities within the scope of 5× 10~5 people/km~2 to 9.9× 10~5 people/km~2 for the effective control of the size of the affected area by geological environment problems.     

内蒙古1979年五原6.0级和1996年包头6.4级地震的震源区构造

在内蒙古河套断陷带中—西段,1979年8月和1996年5月分别发生了五原6.0级地震和包头6.4级地震.针对这2次地震的发震构造,在前人研究工作的基础上,进一步集成活动构造、石油物探、重新定位的地震分布、烈度分布以及震源机制解等信息进行分析,构建通过这2次地震震源区的地震构造剖面,并重新确定了相应的发震断层.结果表明:1979年五原6.0级地震更可能是走向近EW、倾向S的色尔腾山山前主断层发生正断层作用的结果;而1996年包头6.4级地震更可能是乌拉山凸起之下的一条走向NWW、倾向SSW的无名隐伏断层发生斜滑正断层作用的结果.对这2次地震发震构造的新认识,能够最大程度符合并解释各自震源区的地表活动构造、余震分布、主震的烈度分布与震源机制解以及主震时的地面宏观破坏等现象.惟一不能完全解释的是包头地震的极震区(Ⅷ度区)面积约有2/5位于所判定的发震断层北侧(下盘).另外,包头地震发震构造的例子显示出在大型活动断陷带内部的相对凸起区之下,也可能存在具有发生强震能力的活动性正断层或斜滑正断层.     

Acoustic-Power Maps of Solar Active Regions with Direction Filters and Phase-Velocity Filters

We study the properties of power maps of solar acoustic waves filtered with direction filters and phase-velocity filters. A direction filter is used to isolate acoustic waves propagating in a narrow range of directions. The acoustic-power map of the waves filtered with a direction filter shows extended reduced-power features behind magnetic regions with respect to the wave direction. A phase-velocity filter is further applied to isolate waves with similar wave paths. In the power maps of the waves filtered with both a direction filter and a phase-velocity filter, a reduced-power image of a sunspot appears behind the sunspot with respect to the wave direction. The distance between the sunspot and the secondary image is consistent with the one-skip travel distance of the wave packet associated with the phase-velocity filter. The waves filtered with direction and phase-velocity filters at the location of the secondary image could be used to probe the sunspot. In the quiet Sun, spatial fluctuations exist in any acoustic-power map. These fluctuations are mainly caused by interference among modes with the same frequency. The fluctuations are random with two properties: They change rapidly with time, and their magnitude decreases with the square root of the number of frames used in computing the acoustic-power map.     

Transient Magnetic and Doppler Features Related to the White-Light Flares in NOAA 10486

Rapidly moving transient features have been detected in magnetic and Doppler images of super-active region NOAA 10486 during the X17/4B flare of 28 October 2003 and the X10/2B flare of 29 October 2003. Both these flares were extremely energetic white-light events. The transient features appeared during impulsive phases of the flares and moved with speeds ranging from 30 to 50 km?s^?1. These features were located near the previously reported compact acoustic (Donea and Lindsey, Astrophys. J. 630, 1168, 2005) and seismic sources (Zharkova and Zharkov, Astrophys. J. 664, 573, 2007). We examine the origin of these features and their relationship with various aspects of the flares, viz., hard X-ray emission sources and flare kernels observed at different layers: i) photosphere (white-light continuum), ii) chromosphere (Hα 6563 Å), iii) temperature minimum region (UV 1600 Å), and iv) transition region (UV 284 Å).     

Phase-space volume of regions of trapped motion: multiple ring components and arcs

The phase-space volume of regions of regular or trapped motion, for bounded or scattering systems with two degrees of freedom respectively, displays universal properties. In particular, sudden reductions in the phase-space volume or gaps are observed at specific values of the parameter which tunes the dynamics; these locations are approximated by the stability resonances. The latter are defined by a resonant condition on the stability exponents of a central linearly stable periodic orbit. We show that, for more than two degrees of freedom, these resonances can be excited opening up gaps, which effectively separate and reduce the regions of trapped motion in phase space. Using the scattering approach to narrow rings and a billiard system as example, we demonstrate that this mechanism yields rings with two or more components. Arcs are also obtained, specifically when an additional (mean-motion) resonance condition is met. We obtain a complete representation of the phase-space volume occupied by the regions of trapped motion.     

Spectral energy distribution modelling of southern candidate massive protostars using the Bayesian inference method

Concatenating data from the millimetre regime to the infrared, we have performed spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling for 227 of the 405 millimetre continuum sources of Hill et al. which are thought to contain young massive stars in the earliest stages of their formation. Three main parameters are extracted from the fits: temperature, mass and luminosity. The method employed was the Bayesian inference, which allows a statistically probable range of suitable values for each parameter to be drawn for each individual protostellar candidate. This is the first application of this method to massive star formation.
The cumulative distribution plots of the SED modelled parameters in this work indicate that collectively, the sources without methanol maser and/or radio continuum associations (MM-only cores) display similar characteristics to those of high-mass star formation regions. Attributing significance to the marginal distinctions between the MM-only cores and the high-mass star formation sample, we draw hypotheses regarding the nature of the MM-only cores, including the possibility that the population itself comprises different types of source, and discuss their role in the formation scenarios of massive star formation. In addition, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of SED modelling and its application to the field. From this work, it is clear that within the valid parameter ranges, SEDs utilising current far-infrared data cannot be used to determine the evolution of massive protostars or massive young stellar objects.