多道联合压缩感知弱小反射地震信号提取处理方法

在讨论联合压缩感知稀疏重建的基础上,针对地震资料特点,利用小波分析方法,进行联合稀疏公共部分和特有部分分解建模.为了挖掘地震资料有效地质信息,考虑到分布式压缩感知算法和应用效果实际实现困难,提出了多道地震资料压缩重建方法.就研究提出的新方法、新理念,围绕决定稀疏重建质量的稀疏度、稀疏基等关键问题进行了深入研究,结合纵横向地震信号特点分析,分别研究纵横稀疏度的选取方法及指导准则.同时对稀疏基的类型和特性在揭示地质信息能力方面进行了分析讨论.集各种研究问题于一体,形成了多道联合压缩感知地震资料重建的新方法.通过实际资料测试,比较分析各类计算结果,得到了新的认识和结论,实际资料处理效果明显.

     

基于Copula函数的暴雨要素三维联合分布——以宽甸县为例

以辽宁省宽甸县为例,利用1955~2012年逐日降水数据,提取年暴雨日数（D₅₀）、年暴雨量（P₅₀）、年均暴雨强度（I）和暴雨比（R）共4个暴雨要素,运用K-S法确定各单要素最优概率分布函数;针对暴雨要素多面性,通过引入Copula函数,构建三维联合分布并进行AIC和RMSE优度检验,确定适合暴雨要素的最优Copula函数,分析多要素联合后暴雨的概率和重现期特征。研究表明： ① 单变量拟合仅反映暴雨单个要素本身的信息,无法涉及要素间的联系;三维Copula联合可从3方面呈现暴雨要素间的内在信息,更贴近实际;暴雨本身的多要素性,为Copula函数在暴雨分析上提供了广阔前景; ② 年暴雨日数、年暴雨量和年均暴雨强度的联合适合反映宽甸县暴雨重现期;宽甸县暴雨联合重现期短,多为0~2 a,同现重现期较长,集中于200 a左右;2种重现期变化趋势一致,存在同步效应,反映了暴雨要素的不可分割性。     

2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震

利用中国地震台网和IRIS数据中心提供的近远震数字地震波形记录,首先读取P波初动方向,在考虑深度误差和速度模型引起的离源矢量误差基础上,利用网格搜索方法,计算了2013年4月20日四川芦山M_S7.0地震断层面解,其断层面走向/倾角/滑动角依次为212°/44°/92°.然后采用近远震波形联合反演方法(CAPjoint),反演了地震矩心深度和点源近似下双力偶解,表明地震发生在12 km深度,发震断层面参数为212°/47°/93°.通过分析波形反演中深度和震源区地震波速度模型对断层面倾角的影响,并结合短期余震机制解,认为芦山M_S7.0地震是一个高角度逆冲地震.     

沉积岩地区高边坡稳定性分析

在大量的野外地质调查工作基础之上,采用赤平投影法分析了沉积岩地区岩石高边坡的潜在破坏模式,并运用极限平衡法计算边坡在此潜在破坏模式下的稳定性,对安全储备较低的采石场边坡提出削坡方案,同时配合有限元法对边坡的稳定性进行了分析和评价,指出岩层层面是影响沉积岩地区高边坡稳定性的最不利结构面,是调查和研究的重点。     

基于方向性粗糙度参数的节理峰值抗剪强度理论模型

节理裂隙控制着岩石工程的剪切滑移稳定性。现有的节理峰值抗剪强度模型多为经验模型,且较少考虑粗糙节理峰值抗剪强度的采样点距效应及各向异性。采用3D打印技术制备了5组吻合的粗糙光敏树脂节理模具,利用水泥砂浆复制了25组相同壁面强度的人工粗糙节理,开展了5种法向应力水平下节理直剪试验。基于改进的接触面积比-视倾角门槛值关系,建立了仅含一个方向性粗糙度参数的三维粗糙节理峰值抗剪强度理论模型。该理论模型除粗糙度参数外无需拟合其他参数。对比分析发现,新模型比文献中的经验模型预测精度更高。新模型预测效果受采样点距影响较小,且能有效地反映节理峰值抗剪强度的各向异性。     

Influence of bedrock structures on the spatial pattern of erosional landforms in small alpine catchments

Structural settings and lithological characteristics are traditionally assumed to influence the development of erosional landforms, such as gully networks and rock couloirs, in steep mountain rock basins. The structural control of erosion of two small alpine catchments of distinctive rock types is evaluated by comparing the correspondences between the orientations of their gullies and rock couloirs with (1) the sliding orientations of potential slope failures mechanisms, and (2) the orientation of the maximum joint frequency, this latter being considered as the direction exploited primarily by erosion and mass wasting processes. These characteristic orientations can be interpreted as structural weaknesses contributing to the initiation and propagation of erosion. The morphostructural analysis was performed using digital elevation models and field observations. The catchment comprised of magmatic intrusive rocks shows a clear structural control, mostly expressed through potential wedges failure. Such joint configurations have a particular geometry that encourages the development of gullies in hard rock, e.g. through enhanced gravitational and hydrological erosional processes. In the catchment underlain by sedimentary rocks, penetrative joints that act as structural weaknesses seem to be exploited by gullies and rock couloirs. However, the lithological setting and bedding configuration prominently control the development of erosional landforms, and influence not only the local pattern of geomorphic features, but the general morphology of the catchment. The orientations of the maximum joint frequency are clearly associated with the gully network, suggesting that its development is governed by anisotropy in rock strength. These two catchments are typical of bedrock‐dominated basins prone to intense processes of debris supply. This study suggests a quantitative approach for describing the relationship between bedrock jointing and geomorphic features geometry. Incorporation of bedrock structure can be relevant when studying processes governing the transfer of clastic material, for the assessment of sediment yields and in landforms evolution models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coseismic deformation of the 2021 MW7.4 Maduo earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR,GPS, and teleseismic data

The M_W7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 at 02:04 CST with a large-expansion surface rupture. This earthquake was located in the Bayan Har block at the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where eight earthquakes of M_S >7.0 have occurred in the past 25 years. Here, we combined interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GPS, and teleseismic data to study the coseismic slip distribution, fault geometry, and dynamic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake. We found that the overall coseismic deformation field of the Maduo earthquake is distributed in the NWW-SEE direction along 285°. There was slight bending at the western end and two branches at the eastern end. The maximum slip is located near the eastern bending area on the northern branch of the fault system. The rupture nucleated on the Jiangcuo fault and propagated approximately 160 km along-strike in both the NWW and SEE directions. The characteristic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake is similar to that of the 2010 M_W6.8 Yushu earthquake, indicating that similar earthquakes with large-expansion surface ruptures and small shallow slip deficits can occur on both the internal fault and boundary fault of the Bayan Har block.     

L-Q-T坐标下的P波与S波接收函数联合反演

接收函数分析是一种研究壳幔结构的主要技术手段。然而,沉积层引起的多次波会影响壳幔结构特征的可靠研究。与常规Z-R-T坐标下提取接收函数不同,本文尝试在L-Q-T坐标下提取P波与S波接收函数,并将二者进行联合反演。通过正演模拟讨论了沉积层厚度对接收函数的影响和实例分析位于具有巨厚沉积的渭河盆地和河套盆地的两个台站,验证了L-Q-T坐标下提取的P波接收函数能有效显示浅部地壳信息(如沉积层转换波信号),而P波与S波接收函数联合反演能够有效压制沉积层引起的多次波信号。显示了联合反演方法更具优势,除能获得界面深度信息,还能获取速度信息。     

重电联合反演解析苏北地区印支面及其展布特征

印支面作为江苏乃至下扬子地区的一个重要构造界面和侵蚀面,对于分析和指示古生界泥页岩层系的展布、研究构造保存条件均有十分重要的意义。在综合分析研究区物性特征的基础上,结合钻井资料和以往地质认识,给定不同地层和岩石的物性参数,建立初始地质-地球物理模型,利用高精度重力和大地电磁测深数据进行重电联合反演和模型修正,最终得到满足拟合精度的地质模型,并以此绘制断裂与构造单元分布图和印支面深度图。结果显示,苏北地区印支面深度起伏较大、构造复杂,断裂主要以北东向为主,可划分为3个一级构造单元和16个二级构造单元。结果证明,在具有相同物性界面的条件下,重电联合反演方法克服了单一物探方法的局限性,提高了解释精度和可靠性,对类似地区解析深部构造面具有参考价值。     

总体样本风速风向联合概率分析方法

提出了针对总体样本的风速风向联合分布的实用统计分析方法。假定任意给定风向上的风速符合某一概型分布、风向间的关联以风速资料的相对发生频率反映、不同风向间的概型参数及频率分布的变化满足谐波函数,在此基础上,利用风速风向资料的总体样本可以得到一个能够反映任意方向的风速风向联合分布函数。利用澳门地区的百年风资料与某风站连续5年的风速观测记录,对该方法的可行性进行了验证。分析表明,该方法具有一定的适用性,便于结构的抗风可靠性分析,具有一定的工程应用价值。