Non‐linear seismic response of arch dams with contraction joint opening and joint reinforcements

A comprehensive study of non‐linear seismic response of arch dams with contraction joint opening and joint reinforcements has been conducted. A numerical model of contraction joint reinforcements is presented for optimization control of the joint opening. The objective of this control is to reduce the joint opening and expectantly to balance the sustained loads between the horizontal and the vertical components of the dam, thus avoiding an overstress in the cantilever while retaining the release of arch tensile stresses to some extent. Several parameter studies such as critical element size and required number of joints to be simulated for convergence are also performed. As an engineering application, a 292‐m high arch dam (the Xiaowan arch dam) and the Big Tujunga dam are analysed in detail. The results demonstrate that the joint opening and the corresponding load transfer from the arch to cantilever components of the dam during strong earthquakes are substantial. It is also evident that by providing sufficient strength and reinforcement flexibility, the joint opening can be controlled to some extent. However, the stress redistribution due to reinforcement control is not sufficient to avoid the overstress in the cantilever for the Xiaowan arch dam. Thus, alternative measures are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3D裂隙网络随机模拟及其工程应用研究

岩体中存在的大量随机分布的裂隙对岩体的工程性质及稳定性有着极其重要的影响。传统的工程地质研究方法难以客观地描述其空间分布特征。应用概率与统计学的理论 ,通过统计分析得到裂隙的分布规律性 ,采用随机模拟的方法实现与统计分布相适应的裂隙网络是研究随机裂隙宏观特征的有效途径。通过模拟所得的 3D裂隙网络 ,进一步研究了裂隙的连通特征及工程开挖面上的稳定分析与加固措施优化的方法     

Shear resistance of jointed rock masses and stability calculation of rock slopes

Summary Based on an extension to a model originally proposed by Zhang (1990), a method for estimating the shear strength of a jointed rock mass containing two joint sets is developed. Compared to the original method in which only a single en-echelon joint set was considered, the new method has the following advantages: (1) it allows a much more realistic joint pattern to be incorporated; (2) the effects of joint connectivity and intersection angle between joint sets on shear strength are included. Use of the new method is demonstrated by application to the calculation of the stability of slopes in jointed rock. The importance of joint connectivity, joint persistence and joint set intersection angle on slope stability, as predicted by the model, is revealed.     

松辽盆地东缘营城组节理构造特征、分布规律及其储层预测

首次较系统地统计了研究区节理产状、规模、开度、密度以及分布规律,阐述了其储层意义。根据节理产出层位、切割关系和区域构造背景分析,将研究区节理的形成期次划分为营城期、营城末期和晚白垩世晚期3个期次。利用共轭节理产状和节理面性质,计算出营城期具有近东西向伸展和挤压相互交替的构造应力场;营城组末期具有NE—SW向挤压构造应力场;晚白垩世晚期具有NW—SE向挤压构造应力场。营城组中的节理形成与分布主要与前两期挤压应力场有关。在此基础上,对徐家围子地区营城组节理分布规律进行了预测,为天然气储层分布规律研究提供可视化对比依据。     

基于遥感的GEF海河项目实施效果评价

GEF海河项目于2011年完工,该项目在华北地区16个县市实施,惠及2 000多万人。本文从ET、地下水超采量削减、污染物排放量控制、地表水水资源量与利用量以及出入境水质水量5个方面对GEF海河项目实施效果进行了评价。结果表明,全流域ET值减少了68.4 mm,COD和NH3-N入河总量分别减少了36.8%和8.5%、入海总量分别减少了46.1%和36.4%,地表水资源量增加了8.94%,总用水量减少了1.99×108m3,生态环境用水量增加了7.77×108m3,河湖环境明显改善。     

Governance strengths and weaknesses to implement the marine strategy framework directive in European waters

The ambitious Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has been the focus of much marine research across Europe in the pursuit of achieving Good Environmental Status in the four European Union marine regions; Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic. This research addresses the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the current European marine governance structures and its relationship to implement the MSFD. Results of the SWOT analysis were acquired through a combination of approaches with MSFD experts and stakeholders including: 30 face-to-face interviews, an online survey with 264 stakeholder respondents and focus groups within each European marine region. The SWOT analysis concurrently identifies common strengths and weakness and key governance issues for implementing the MSFD for European marine regions. This paper forms one assessment within the governance component of the Options for Delivering Ecosystem Based Marine Management (ODEMM) project and presents timely issues that can be of benefit to national and European Union policy makers.     

多维联合概率理论对三峡工程设计洪水的计算

首次将多维联合概率理论应用到三峡大坝设计洪水的风险分析,并用随机模拟方法(ISPUD)对四维联合概率分布进行了求解,得出在长江上游干流及主要支流来水量出现的不同组合和最不利组合情况下,相应三峡大坝不同联合重现期的设计洪水。可用于三峡工程的风险分析及防洪调度。     

Matlab与高级编程语言在科学计算中的联合运用

在数字地震观测、地震预报及地震工程研究中,Matlab作为一套功能强大的科学计算及数学分析软件,得到广泛的应用.本文介绍如何将Matlab高效的数值计算和分析能力与高级编程语言结合的方法.     

华北北部不同构造单元地壳速度模型——均匀分层介质反射波走时反演的结果

从广义反演理论出发,对多层反射波的走时联合反演,可以同时获得所有的各层速度及厚度参数。其优点是在不需要把问题线性化过程的同时,统一考虑了各层反射波走时的离散对整个地壳模型的影响,又可兼顾观测数据的不同误差分布。本文将该方法进行了数值模拟并应用于华北北部的几个不同构造单元,反演得出了其反射P波速度结构,并与正演结果进行了对比。     

应力波斜入射对岩体节理端部的影响

岩体节理在受到应力波扰动时端部受力会发生不同程度的连续性变化,为具体分析这种动态变化与应力波入射角度之间的关系,引用岩石非线性法向本构关系与线性切向本构关系的组合模型以及相应的在P波斜入射节理的应力波传播方程,结合岩石断裂力学中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型裂纹尖端应力和位移场的相关理论,得出组合形式下的节理端部应力场和位移场随质点振速变化的计算公式。通过不同入射角的模拟脉冲信号作用对端部应力位移的变化分析：应力波斜入射节理导致节理端部上、下两侧应力与位移场非对称分布,随着入射波质点振速的增减变化,应力集中位置会出现变化;计算并整理模型中节理端部上、下两侧0.005 m位置的数据,节理法向刚度由入射波质点振速带来的变化直接影响到应力波的透射与反射,进而会导致端部的应力与位移出现滞后效应;节理端部横向位移值与入射角度并非单调变化,而竖向位移会随着入射角的增大呈现下降趋势。