顾及f~3项的电离层延迟模型

给出了顾及f3项时消除电离层延迟的两种方法:用三频观测值来消除电离层延迟,直接用地磁场模型来计算f3项。提出了一种用一个三次曲面来拟合30°×40°的区域内的场强H的简化算法。用两种方法求得的电离层延迟之差小于0.5 mm。     

三频电离层延迟改正中多路径误差和观测噪声的削弱算法

多频测距系统可以借助多频观测数据削弱电离层延迟的影响,但多频改正算法在改正电离层延迟项的同时会不同程度地放大多路径误差、观测噪声等伪距误差的影响。其中利用三频数据可以将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,也可以只改正至一阶项,分别称为三频二阶改正和三频一阶改正。首次推导了利用三频观测数据削弱伪距中多路径效应和观测噪声等误差的算法,使三频电离层延迟改正中伪距误差的影响大大减小。通过对三频实测数据的处理和分析验证了算法的有效性并给出了一些有益的结论和建议:在利用三频观测数据进行电离层改正时,首先改正伪距中的多路径误差和观测噪声,然后采用三频二阶改正算法将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,将有效提高伪距改正精度。如果不能有效削弱这些误差的影响,宜采用三频一阶改正或双频改正。     

张家口—渤海地震活动带中东段地壳剪切波分裂研究

张家口—渤海地震活动带是我国华北地区一条重要的地震带。该区域的主压应力场方向为近ＥＷ 向。本文利用２００５年９月—２０１０年９月首都圈地区地震台站记录到的数字波形资料,采用ＳＡＭ 方法（剪切波分裂系统分析法）,研究讨论张家口—渤海地震带中东段地壳介质各向异性的空间分布特征。结果显示：张渤活动带中部及以东区域总体的优势方向明显,为近ＥＷ 方向。横跨张渤活动带两侧的快剪切波优势偏振方向的空间分布显示,地震带北侧燕山隆起区内、地震带范围内和地震带南侧华北盆地内的快剪切波优势偏振方向均为近ＥＷ 方向,差异不大。     

555时基电路应用于台站观测实例

具有数字与模拟特色的555时基集成电路是一种多功能电子器件。因其内部含有电压比较器、基本R—S触发器、放电电路及驱动电路等，辅以适当外围分立元件后，被广泛应用于单稳态电路、施密特触发器、多谐振荡器、幅度鉴别器及电压频率变换等。笔者根据地震台站观测仪器性能，结合测震、地磁及形变观测工作的需要，以555时基集成电路为核心元件，在时钟脉冲延时、定时控制及多谐振荡电路等方面小改小革，为提高台站模拟仪器时间服务精度及节能、地震仪应急工频替换电路等作了些尝试。     

Artificial modification of ionosphericE-layer by high power radio transmitters

Some anomalous TV receptions in India on band I have been interpreted as being propagated viaF-layer artificially modified by high power broadcast transmitters. In this paper, the possibility of VHF communication by artificially modifiedE-layer is discussed. The presented theoretical analysis shows that high-power broadcast trasmitters can produce substantial changes in temperature and ionisation in theE-layer. The rate of energy transfer from the wave to the medium particles has also been computed. Model calculations are made for a transmitter located near Calcutta. The possibility of the extra-ionisation producing field-aligned structures to support VHF communication is discussed.     

Ionospheric precursor for a deep earthquake (∼378 km) near Papua New Guinea occurred on 7 July 2013, Mw = 7.2 in the environment of geomagnetic storm using two-dimensional principal component analysis

Two-dimensional ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data during the time period from 00:00 on 2 July to 12:00 UT on 8 July 2013, which was 5 days before to 1 day after a deep earthquake at 18:35:30 on 7 July 2013 UT (M_w = 7.2) with a depth at about 378.8 km in Papua New Guinea, were examined by two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) to detect TEC precursor related to the earthquake because TEC precursors usually have shown up in earlier time periods. A TEC precursor was highly localized around the epicenter from 06:00 to 06:05 on 6 July, where its duration time was at least 5 minutes. Ionizing radiation radon gas release should be a possibility to cause the anomalous TEC fluctuation, e.g., electron density variation. The plasma might have large damping at that time to cause TEC fluctuation of short time, and the gas released with small amount in short time period, and 2DPCA could identify short time TEC fluctuation while the fluctuation lasted for a long time. Other background TEC anomalies caused by the geomagnetic storm, small earthquakes and non-earthquake activities, e.g., equatorial ionization anomaly resulted in the small principal eigenvalues, therefore the detection of TEC precursor was regardless of these background TEC anomalies.     

A neural network approach for regional vertical total electron content modelling

A Neural Network model has been developed for estimating the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. TEC is proportional to the delay suffered by electromagnetic signals crossing the ionosphere and is among the errors that impact GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) observations. Ionospheric delay is particularly a problem for single frequency receivers, which cannot eliminate the (first-order) ionospheric delay by combining observations at two frequencies. Single frequency users rely on applying corrections based on prediction models or on regional models formed based on actual data collected by a network of receivers. A regional model based on a neural network has been designed and tested using data sets collected by the Brazilian GPS Network (RMBC) covering periods of low and high solar activity. Analysis of the results indicates that the model is capable of recovering, on average, 85% of TEC values.     

中国中部地区TID激发源的统计分布

利用武汉电离层观象台1985-1990年间的高频多普勒台阵观测资料,采用射线追踪方法,对观测到的电离层重力波扰动（TID）进行了定源研究,从统计上分析了扰动源的地理分布、季节变化以及与地磁活动的关系．结果表明,中国中部上空TID的激发源主要出现在春夏季的四川盆地和冬半年的山口地区．扰动的激发可能与青藏高原地形隆起对这两个地区的气象活动的影响有关．此外,有少部分尺度较大的扰动出现在冬半年,它们可能来自极区．