一种快速重叠开窗拟合算法及其在电离层拟合中的应用

提出一种基于分段的重叠窗口拟合算法,它将分段窗口分为边界区、重叠区和内部区,通过对前后窗口重叠区拟合值的加权平均,使窗口间拟合值的变化连续。采用实测GNSS电离层数据,分别对逐历元滑动窗口、独立分段窗口和重叠窗口3种算法进行实验对比,其中在以400历元窗口对NKLG站G01的电离层拟合计算中,逐历元法耗费121.618 s,而独立分段法和重叠分段法只分别用了0.396 s和0.985 s,计算效率分别为前者的307倍和123倍。结果证明,该算法兼顾计算精度与执行效率,是处理数据量较大、连续且变化剧烈的时间序列的有效方法。     

3种开源精密单点定位软件性能评估

选取全球范围内分布的76个IGS服务站的观测数据,采用RTKLIB、gLAB和G-NUT 3个开源精密单点定位（PPP）软件进行静态模拟动态PPP解算。将不同软件解算的对流层延迟和坐标与IGS提供的参考值进行比较,评估其对流层解算精度、收敛时间以及收敛后的坐标解算精度的差异。结果表明：1）不同软件均可解算得到cm级对流层解算精度,其中RTKLIB的解算精度优于1 cm;2）对于坐标解算而言,G-NUT需要较长时间才能收敛到指定的精度;而收敛后不同软件均可获得cm级的坐标解算精度,其中RTKLIB解算精度最优,但由于数据预处理策略不完善,会导致部分测站产生较大偏差; G-NUT水平方向解算精度与RTKLIB相当,高程方向稍差;gLAB水平方向解算精度较差,高程方向优于G-NUT。     

基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的时滞系统鲁棒控制器设计

针对时滞系统,提出一种基于Nevanlinna-Pick插值的鲁棒控制器设计方法.它首先通过互质分解得到控制器和灵敏度函数的参数化形式,将控制器的设计转化为灵敏度函数成型;然后利用同伦法求解具有阶次约束的Nevanlin-na-Pick插值问题,从而求得控制器和灵敏度函数.仿真实验结果表明,闭环系统的灵敏度函数由被控对象的非最小相位零点和不稳定极点决定.     

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安庆4.8级地震的余震S波分裂研究

利用安徽数字地震台网安庆台记录的地震波形资料,运行Matlap S波分裂程序,对2011年1月19日安徽安庆4.8级地震的余震序列开展S波分裂研究。结果表明,快S波偏振方向有两个优势取向,分别为N73°E和N94°E,初步判断为区域应力场导致的EDA裂隙系各向异性结果。其中快S波N73°E偏振方向与区域应力场的主压应力方向N74°E基本相同,而快S波N94°E偏振方向稍有偏差,可能是由于4.8级主震产生的应力扰动引起的。慢S波延迟时间在0.82～10.92范围内变化,平均为2.84,主震后,延迟时间明显下降,可能反映了震后应力的释放过程,而几次较大余震前则处于上升高值状态,可能反映了较大余震前的应力积累过程。     

Simplified nonlinear modeling of river flow routing

Management of open-channel flow systems requires accurate models of flow transfer. This article presents a simple nonlinear model representative of the flow transfer in a river reach. The model is obtained through linearization of a physical model, simplification using the cumulant matching method and analytic identification of a nonlinear model coinciding with the linear model around equilibrium points, corresponding to the hydraulic permanent regimes. The methodology is illustrated on the diffusive wave equation and the Saint-Venant equations. The obtained nonlinear models are compared in simulation to the initial models. The nonlinear model is shown to ensure mass conservation, despite the variable delay element of the model. The proposed model can reproduce the nonlinear behavior of the time-delay with discharge variations. It is well-suited for fast simulations, flow forecasting, and for controller design.     

The earthquake-related disturbances in ionosphere and project of the first China seismo-electromagnetic satellite

Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statistical characteristics of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions, plasma perturbations and variation of energetic particle flux. According to the main results done by Chinese scientists, fusing with the existed study from global researches, seismo-ionospheric disturbances usually occurred a few days or hours before earthquake occurrence. Paralleling to these case studies, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) coupling mechanisms are checked and optimized. A thermo-electric model was proposed to explain the seismo-electromagnetic effects before earthquakes. A propagation model was put forward to explain the electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere. According to the requirement of earthquake prediction research, China seismo-electromagnetic satellite, the first space-based platform of Chinese earthquake stereoscopic observation system, is proposed and planned to launch at about the end of 2014. It focuses on checking the LAI model and distinguishing earthquake-related ionospheric disturbance. The preliminary design for the satellite will adopt CAST-2000 platform with eight payloads onboard. It is believed that the satellite will work together with the ground monitoring network to improve the capability to capture seismo-electromagnetic information, which is beneficial for earthquake monitoring and prediction researches.     

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PPP估计天顶对流层延迟方法与结果分析

介绍了精密单点定位估计天顶对流层延迟的方法,利用武汉大学研发的TriP软件解算了7个IGS跟踪站的天顶对流层延迟,将其与IGS分析中心提供的天顶对流层延迟数据进行了对比分析。     

四川宜宾地区S波分裂特征

本文采用纵横比与偏振分析相结合的方法测定了2013年4月25日~2015年12月31日四川宜宾地区10个台站S波分裂参数,即快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间。结果表明,华蓥山断裂两侧台站呈现不同的快波偏振优势方向,断裂带以西的台站偏振优势方向为NW向,与区域应力场方向一致;位于断裂带以东的台站优势偏振方向为NE向,与断裂走向一致。在地震密集分布区域内的CNI台的优势偏振方向为NE向,与台站附近的断裂带走向基本一致。研究区域南段的3个台站(JLI、YAJ、XWE)优势偏振方向近NS向。各个台站平均慢波延迟时间在3.07~11.95ms/km范围内,慢波延迟时间最大的台站是CNI台,距离2013年4月25日06时10分M_L5.2地震震中位置最近,这反映出震源区地震波各向异性程度较强。CNI台站的慢波延迟时间显示,在2015年2月7日M_L4.8地震前观测到慢波延迟时间有明显的上升趋势。