呼图壁气枪数据中面波振幅变化研究

利用新疆呼图壁气枪数据,在引入小波传播子方法测量到时延迟的基础上,进一步引入面波振幅作为监测地下介质变化的一个重要参数。结果表明:相对于到时的突跳,面波振幅能克服气枪源震源强度突变带来的测量不稳定;同时,通过面波到时延迟和振幅变化特征的模拟,发现面波振幅和到时延迟测量存在较好的正相关关系,且可以用介质速度变化所导致的聚焦和散焦效应来解释。面波振幅也可以作为较为稳定的参数来衡量地下介质的波速变化。     

Radar studies of magnetosphere dynamics

Ionospheric radars are an important tool for studying magnetospheric dynamics. The nature of such instruments is described and their application to a number of important problems is discussed, emphasizing South African work. A study of the theory of reflection from irregularities is discussed. The nature of ULF pulsations of more than one type has been elucidated by radar studies. An improvement of the understanding of magnetospheric convection has been achieved. A new HF radar experiment being developed for operation at SANAE, Antarctica, is described. An HF radar will be operated at SANAE in conjunction with the British radar at Halley to provide vector information about magnetospheric convection within that part of the magnetosphere which maps to a large portion of the Antarctic continent. The radar will be part of the SuperDARN international network of radars.     

关于大气分布模型

简述了大气垂直分布情况和高空探测方法,分析了目前只能采用球对称大气分布模型的原因;论证了随观测站、随方位而异的天文大气折射实测模型和折射延迟改正模型,已经包含了观测站上空大气实际分布的非球对称特性,不必再去寻找或建立随地势而异和随季节而变的大气分布模型,避免了大气分布模型选择不当的影响,从一个方面为提高天文大气折射改正精度和电磁波大气折射延迟改正精度提供了保证。     

统计同步算法原理及在局域网中的应用

针对局域网中计算机间的时间同步问题,分析了统计同步算法PCS的基本原理,介绍了局域网中网络延迟精确测定的方法,提出了利用一台时统设备实现局域网中PCS算法精度测试的方法,给出了频率漂移的修正公式,并在局域网中对算法性能进行了测试。测试结果表明,计算机时钟的漂移是影响算法精度的主要因素。经过频漂修正,PCS算法性能得到了很大的改善,同步周期较设计周期大大增加,算法同步精度在20min内优于1 ms。     

双谱估计在地震前兆数字化资料分析中的应用

仿真信号的试验结果表明,基于双谱的时延估计方法对高斯噪声具有屏蔽能力,能更好地压制噪声,并准确估计信号的时间延迟;基于双谱功率谱重构要比直接用FFT变换方法估计功率谱具有更高的精度和性能;初步研究结果表明,对于正常背景下的前兆观测记录基于双谱的特征参数分布具有较好的一致性,在异常背景下则表现出明显的离散性,显现出双谱估计具有良好的异常信息识别能力。     

GPS现代化后电离层折射误差高阶项的三频改正方法

研究了电离层对GPS观测信号的主要影响及电离层折射误差模型,总结了电离层双频改正模型。针对GPS现代化中增加的第三频率,系统推导了三个频率的电离层改正模型及相位观测值无电离层组合(LC组合)模型。该模型将电离层折射误差模型改正至二阶项,可进一步提高GPS定位精度,同时,为GPS定位中其他误差的改正及分离、周跳的探测等提供了有力的技术手段。     

A Method for the Ionospheric Delay Estimation and Interpolation in a Local GPS Network

To estimate ionospheric delays from the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, satellite and receiver equipment biases have to be modeled. This paper presents a procedure based on the least squares (LS) approach, which implicitly takes into account these equipment biases in the estimation of the ionospheric effect. The second part of this work deals with the interpolation of the ionospheric correction from a permanent GPS network to a single frequency GPS user. The results obtained show that for 10-cm position accuracy the ionospheric delay can be successfully interpolated when the GPS user is within 40 km of the GPS permanent network.     

From Strange Attractors to Real-World Data: Evaluating a Bedform Model by Measuring the Distance Between State-Space Plots

A new nonlinear data-analysis technique compares the typical sequences in different time or spatial series. The method quantitatively compares delay-coordinate embedded state-space plots by treating them plots as probability distributions. Thus its application is not limited to data generated by deterministic systems, and does not require knowledge of a system's dimension. In a preliminary application, comparing state-space plots of natural and model-generated eolian ripples suggests that the interactions in them have similarities with those in nature, and that this method can be of use as an additional model evaluation tool.     

On auroral dynamics observed by HF radar: 1. Equatorward edge of the afternoon-evening diffuse luminosity belt

Observations and modelling are presented which illustrate the ability of the Finland CUTLASS HF radar to monitor the afternoon-evening equatorward auroral boundary during weak geomagnetic activity. The subsequent substorm growth phase development was also observed in the late evening sector as a natural continuation of the preceding auroral oval dynamics. Over an 8 h period the CUTLASS Finland radar observed a narrow (in range) and persistent region of auroral F- and (later) E-layer echoes which gradually moved equatorward, consistent with the auroral oval diurnal rotation. This echo region corresponds to the subvisual equatorward edge of the diffuse luminosity belt (SEEL) and the ionospheric footprint of the inner boundary of the electron plasma sheet. The capability of the Finland CUTLASS radar to monitor the E-layer SEEL-echoes is a consequence of the nearly zero E-layer rectilinear aspect angles in a region 5/10° poleward of the radar site. The F-layer echoes are probably the boundary blob echoes. The UHF EISCAT radar was in operation and observed a similar subvisual auroral arc and an F-layer electron density enhancement when it appeared in its antenna beam.     

555时基电路应用于台站观测实例

具有数字与模拟特色的555时基集成电路是一种多功能电子器件。因其内部含有电压比较器、基本R—S触发器、放电电路及驱动电路等，辅以适当外围分立元件后，被广泛应用于单稳态电路、施密特触发器、多谐振荡器、幅度鉴别器及电压频率变换等。笔者根据地震台站观测仪器性能，结合测震、地磁及形变观测工作的需要，以555时基集成电路为核心元件，在时钟脉冲延时、定时控制及多谐振荡电路等方面小改小革，为提高台站模拟仪器时间服务精度及节能、地震仪应急工频替换电路等作了些尝试。