从GPS推算大气水汽的误差分析

讨论了从GPS观测数据推算大气水汽值的各种误差，分析了这些误差对大气水汽值的影响。     

Stokoe扭转剪切／共振柱仪性能及试验

本文简介了Stokoe扭剪/共振拄仪的结构、性能、原理、方法及通过各种试验方法所获得的部份成果。     

Comparative study of scintillations at the magnetic equator and at the crest region of the equatorial anomaly in Indian zone

Using simultaneous long-term observations of ionospheric scintillation at equator and anomaly crest region in the same longitude (Indian) zone comparative features of scintillation occurrence are brought out. The salient features are: (a) predominantly pre-midnight occurrence of scintillation at equator during winter and equinox seasons, (b) increase of pre-midnight scintillation occurrence with solar activity (c) shifting of occurrence peak during summer from post-midnight in low to pre-midnight in high solar activity periods (d) similarity of scintillation behaviour at these locations during winter and equinoxes but dissimilarity during summer. The solar activity response and magnetic effects indicate that the scintillations at the anomaly crest region in winter and equinox, particularly during high solar activity periods, are of equatorial origin while the summer events may be of local or mid-latitude origin.     

高分三号SAR影像广域范围联合几何检校技术

在获取广域范围雷达遥感正射影像图时,需要对区域内每景SAR影像进行几何参数修正,提高SAR影像的定位精度。但在广域范围进行控制点的选取和影像的逐一修正,其工作量巨大,严重影响了SAR影像分析应用的效率。对此,本文提出了一种广域范围联合几何检校方法。该方法在R-D模型的基础上,首先利用少许SAR影像计算其独立的系统级检校参数,其次去除系统级检校参数中大气延迟分量的影响,然后依据最小二乘平差原理获取最优的系统级检校参数,最后利用最优的系统级检校参数对所有SAR影像进行几何检校处理。论文采用覆盖中国中东部地区的32景GF-3SAR影像进行联合几何检校试验,检校后的SAR影像定位中误差优于9 m。试验结果表明:该方法能够提高GF-3 SAR影像几何检校的精度,验证了其有效性和可行性。     

波峰型低损耗负群时延微波电路研究

本文提出了一种波峰形状的低损耗微波负群时延微带电路，该电路主要由四条相同的微带传输线，两条相同的耦合微带线以及T形连接器组成.依据等效电路拓扑结构，基于微波电路理论推导出电路的S参数模型以及负群时延公式.利用ADS仿真软件对电路结构进行优化，并进行了实物的加工与测试.测试结果表明：在中心频率1.017 GHz时，电路的最大群时延为-2.46 ns，插入损耗为-2.1 dB以及反射损耗为-13 dB.实测结果与仿真结果以及理论模型结果具有很好的一致性.     

大理岩的剪切波分裂对差应力变化响应的实验研究

利用ＤＺ９５型多通道瞬态波形记录仪和ＧＣ－１００型工程多波参数分析仪,对山东莱州大理岩进行了剪切波分裂观测研究．通过两组岩样的测量,在带有自然优势定向排列裂缝的岩样在无加载状态下发现剪切波的分裂现象,而带有优势层理走向的完整岩石则在加载到一定程度下才能观测到剪切波的分裂．随着载荷的增加,多数岩样在临近破坏时都记录到剪切波分裂的时间延迟有一个迅速的抬升,但抬升之前的变化过程不同,不同位置的观测结果也大不相同．实验还发现,在一定压力下,即使载荷保持不变或卸载一加载,岩石中剪切波分裂的时间延迟仍然增加,我们称之为“惯性生长”．在实验中,还少量地记录到一些声发射事件,和人工源的效果一样,也可在接收波形中清楚地分辨出剪切波的分裂．     

Mid-latitude ionospheric perturbation associated with the Spacelab-2 plasma depletion experiment at Millstone Hill

Elevation scans across geomagnetic mid latitudes by the incoherent scatter radar at Millstone Hill captured the ionospheric response to the firing of the Space Shuttle Challenger OMS thrusters near the peak of the F layer on July 30, 1985. Details of the excitation of airglow and the formation of an ionospheric hole during this event have been reported in an earlier paper by Mendillo et al.. The depletion (factor 2) near the 320 km Shuttle orbital altitude persisted for 35 min and then recovered to near normal levels, while at 265 km the density was reduced by a factor of 6; this significant reduction in the bottomside F-region density persisted for more than 3 hours. Total electron content in the vicinity of the hole was reduced by more than a factor of 2, and an oscillation of the F-region densities with 40-min period ensued and persisted for several hours. Plasma vertical Doppler velocity varied quasi-periodically with a 80-min period, while magnetic field variations observed on the field line through the Shuttle-burn position exhibited a similar 80-min periodicity. An interval of magnetic field variations at hydromagnetic frequencies (95 s period) accompanied the ionospheric perturbations on this field line. Radar observations revealed a downward phase progression of the 40-min period density enhancements of -1.12° km–1, corresponding to a 320-km vertical wavelength. An auroral-latitude geomagnetic disturbance began near the time of the Spacelab-2 experiment and was associated with the imposition of a strong southward IMF Bz across the magnetosphere. This created an additional complication in the interpretation of the active ionospheric experiment. It cannot be determined uniquely whether the ionospheric oscillations, which followed the Spacelab-2 experiment, were related to the active experiment or were the result of a propagating ionospheric disturbance (TID) launched by the enhanced auroral activity. The most reasonable conclusion is that the ionospheric oscillations were a result of the coincident geomagnetic disturbance. The pronounced depletion of the bottomside ionosphere, however, accentuated the oscillatory behavior during the interval following the Shuttle OMS burn.     

长江日流量混沌变化特性研究——Ⅱ相空间嵌入维数的确定

为了以新途径探索长江水量变化规律并在此基础上做出预测,全面而系统地研究了宜昌站日流量混沌变化特性并建立了新预测模型.重点论述相空间嵌入维数的确定.嵌入维数是混沌分析的一个重要参数.给出了饱和关联维数法、伪最邻近点法和真实矢量场法3种嵌入维数的确定方法.它们各有优缺点.研究结果表明,最优嵌入维数的确定必须进行综合分析并考虑最优嵌入窗宽.