InSAR时序法分离大气延迟相位与地形及MODIS水汽相关性分析

根据大气垂直分层延迟与地形的强相关特性,利用覆盖大同地区的40景Envisat ASAR影像进行大气延迟分离实验,并对分离的大气延迟相位与地形和MODIS水汽数据的相关性进行分析。     

高阶电离层延迟对GPS双差观测值和基线向量的影响

用RINEX HO软件计算GPS载波相位观测值中的高阶(二阶和三阶)电离层延迟,在此基础上组成GPS双差观测值中的高阶电离层延迟(ΔI_H)^p,q_i,g。讨论了(ΔI_H)^p,q_i,g与地磁纬度、基线长度、基线方向及太阳活动水平间的关系。在其他条件均相同的情况下,用Bernese 5.0软件分别对进行了高阶电离层延迟改正的观测值和未进行高阶电离层延迟改正的观测值进行基线解算,求得高阶电离层延迟对基线向量解的影响Δb_H。结果表明,Δb_H的数值很小,在一般情况下可忽略不计。ΔbH与基线长度及太阳活动水平等因素间并无必然联系,但随着时段的减小,Δb_H会随之增大。     

基于四阶累积量的同相轴自动拾取方法

针对强随机噪声干扰情况下地震勘探资料中同相轴无法正确拾取的问题,提出了基于四阶累积量的同相轴自动拾取方法。该方法利用四阶累积量进行时间延迟估计,避免了相关高斯噪声的影响;同时在参考道的选择上,以一定的间隔设置多个参考道,减少了同相轴拾取过程中的累积误差。理论模型计算表明:该方法相对于互相关方法,对相关高斯噪声有更强的抑制能力,信噪比达到-5 dB。在实际资料应用中,拾取了与同相轴有关的参数：同相轴位置,该参数为地震资料的属性分析和精确定量解释提供了依据。     

基于电离层层析成像技术探测汶川地震前电离层异常

以2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震为例,利用电离层层析成像技术重建了震前5月8—10日震中附近上空电离层的电子密度分布(UT9:00),发现5月9日出现电离层异常,且该异常在时空上与同一时段的电离层VTEC异常分布结果一致(排除空间天气活动对电离层造成的可能干扰后),认为该异常即是地震的电离层前兆信息。研究表明：电离层层析成像技术在地震预测研究领域有广阔的应用前景。     

10-12秒精度激光测距问题的理论研究

随着空间大地测量技术观测精度的提高 ,需要激光测距理论模型适应目前和未来可预见的精度要求 .本文基于激光测距的基本原理 ,给出了太阳系质心参考系 (BRS)和地球质心参考系 (GRS)中的相对论激光测距的理论模型 ,对两种激光测距模型中有关引力时延的量级进行了估计 ,并给出了完整而自洽的时间尺度和时空坐标变换的理论公式 .根据最新的BRS和GRS系之间的时空坐标变换关系 ,在皮秒 (10 - 1 2 s)的精度下 ,推导出了在GRS中适合于所有激光测距问题的相对论模型 ,同时扩展了IERS推荐的激光测距模型的适用范围     

Stability analysis for real‐time pseudodynamic and hybrid pseudodynamic testing with multiple sources of delay

Real‐time pseudodynamic (PSD) and hybrid PSD test methods are experimental techniques to obtain the response of structures, where restoring force feedback is used by an integration algorithm to generate command displacements. Time delays in the restoring force feedback from the physical test structure and/or the analytical substructure cause inaccuracies and can potentially destabilize the system. In this paper a method for investigating the stability of structural systems involved in real‐time PSD and hybrid PSD tests with multiple sources of delay is presented. The method involves the use of the pseudodelay technique to perform an exact mapping of fixed delay terms to determine the stability boundary. The approach described here is intended to be a practical one that enables the requirements for a real‐time testing system to be established in terms of system parameters when multiple sources of delay exist. Several real‐time testing scenarios with delay that include single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multi‐degree of freedom (MDOF) real‐time PSD/hybrid PSD tests are analyzed to illustrate the method. From the stability analysis of the real‐time hybrid testing of an SDOF test structure, delay‐independent stability with respect to either experimental or analytical substructure delay is shown to exist. The conditions that the structural properties must satisfy in order for delay‐independent stability to exist are derived. Real‐time hybrid PSD testing of an MDOF structure equipped with a passive damper is also investigated, where observations from six different cases related to the stability plane behavior are summarized. Throughout this study, root locus plots are used to provide insight and explanation of the behavior of the stability boundaries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shear-wave splitting beforeand after the 1999 Xiuyan earthquake in Liaoning, China

Using seismic waveform data recorded at station YK (Yingkou) of Liaoning Telemetry Digital Seismic Network, this paper studied the characteristics of shear-wave splitting before and after the Xiuyan MS5.9 (ML5.3) earthquake in November 29, 1999 with SAM method. The results show that the predominant polarizations of fast shear-waves at YK is in direction of ENE-WSW, consistent with the direction of regional principal compressive stress and also consistent with the direction of the regional tectonic stress field in North China; time-delays increasing before Xiuyan earthquake may shows accumulation of stress before earthquake. The predominant polarizations of fast shear-waves at YK are also related to the spatial distribution of small earthquakes and correlate with the fault strike. The histogram of monthly average polarizations of fast shear-waves shows that polarizations of fast shear-waves also seems to change from two months before the earthquake, but it still needs more data for verification.     

由Saastamoinen和Hopfield模型推算水汽含量的比较与分析

详细介绍利用ＧＰＡ数据推算大气水汽含量的过程。根据Ｓａａｓｔａｍｏｉｎｅｎ和Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ两种模型利用实测数据对大气水汽含量进行了推算,并对其结果进行了比较和分析,得到了一些有益的结论。     

带乘性噪声系统的极大似然最优估计算法

对带乘性噪声系统（ＳＭＮ）在乘性噪声及其统计参数未知的情况下,基于极大似然准则,提出了一种分块组合优化估计算法（ＢＣＯＥＡ）。该算法不需要事先知道乘性噪声的统计参数,可同时进行状态最优估计以及乘性噪声序列和其统计参数的最优估计。     

地震电磁卫星观测物理量简介

地震引发电离层扰动反映在某些特定的物理量上已经得到人们的共识,但其中哪些量反映的特征最明显,最有利于提取地震电离层异常仍然不明确,需要进一步的深入研究。本文介绍了法国的DEMETER、乌克兰的SICH-1M、意大利的ESPER IA及俄罗斯的COMPASS-2等几个主要地震电磁卫星的观测物理量,以资参考。