基于垂直剖面函数式的全球对流层天顶延迟模型的建立

对流层延迟是无线电导航定位的主要误差源之一,其值对目标高程的变化敏感.在动态导航定位中,由于目标高程变化随机性强,延迟改正实时性需求高,已有的对流层延迟模型难以满足应用需求.本文利用2005到2006年ERA-Interim再分析气象资料积分方法计算的对流层天顶总延迟(ZTD)、天顶静力学延迟(ZHD)以及天顶非静力学延迟(ZWD)的垂直剖面研究了ZTD随高程变化的最佳拟合形式,并以此为基础建立了全球ZTD改正模型SHAO-H.该模型以大气中水汽的垂直分布规律为依据,将ZTD表示为高程的分段函数,进而再模制每段函数中各参数随时间的变化.精度评估显示:与积分ZTD相比,SHAO-H模型计算的ZTD在不同等压层上的平均bias大部分在±1 mm以内,随着高度的上升,平均RMS由39 mm减小至不足1 mm;与IGS (International GNSS Service)实测ZTD相比,SHAO-H模型的精度(bias为7.02 mm,RMS为38.50 mm)优于UNB3m模型(bias为14.67 mm, RMS为51.95 mm).SHAO-H模型具有精度稳定、计算简便等优点,适宜任意高度的用户使用.     

Variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region

In this paper, variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake sequence were studied. By analyzing shear wave particle motion of local events in the shear wave window, the fast polarization directions and the delay time between fast and slow shear waves were derived from seismic recordings at eight stations on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone. In the study region, the fast polarization directions show partition characteristics from south to north. And the systematic changes of the time delays between two split shear waves were also observed. As for spatial distribution, the NE fast polarization directions are consistent with the Longmenshan fault strike in the south of focal region, whereas the NW fast direction is parallel to the direction of regional principal compressive stress in the north of focal region. Stations BAX and TQU are respectively located on the Central and Front-range faults, and because of the direct influence of these faults, the fast directions at both stations show particularity. In time domain, after the main shock, the delay times at stations increased rapidly, and decreased after a period of time. Shear-wave splitting was caused mostly by stress-aligned microcracks in rock below the stations. The results demonstrate changes of local stress field during the main shock and the aftershocks. The stress on the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region increased after the main shock, with the stress release caused by the aftershocks and the stress reduced in the late stage.     

GPS网络RTK中对流层延迟分析

分析了网络RTK中基准站和流动站间气象元素、基线长度、高程差异和模型差异等因素对对流层延迟误差的影响,得出气象元素的大小和基线长度等与单差对流层延迟之间存在线性关系,由基准站和流动站的对流层模型差异造成的差值与高差之间也存在线性关系,且利用网络RTK内插法只可消除其中大部分的误差.这对利用网络RTK算法生成流动站的误差改正数具有重要的参考价值.     

利用单基准站改正信息和电离层参数估计的单频PPP算法

利用单个基准站提供的改正信息对流动站的单频观测值数据进行改正,同时引入电离层参数进行实时电离层延迟估计,进行单频精密单点定位（PPP）计算。相比传统的单频PPP方法,本文方法对单频PPP的收敛速度和定位精度都有很大的提高,定位精度优于2cm,且受基准站距离的影响较小。     

利用不同气候类型的GPS可降水量比较研究

利用高精度定位定轨软件GAMIT对2000～2004年的中国地壳运动监测网络数据进行了处理,获得各测站的可降水量时间序列,并以不同气候类型将各测站的可降水量进行了分类比较。在不同气候类型的可降水量的比较中,青藏高原高寒地区的可降水量最低,温带大陆性气候的可降水量次之,温带季风气候的可降水量居中,热带季风气候的可降水量最高,亚热带季风气候的可降水量为次高。在可降水量的图形变化比较中,不同气候类型的可降水量序列的波形变化也不相同,对可降水量峰值时间进行了量化比较。     

层析反演与神经网络方法在电离层建模及预报中的应用

将香港地区某天由电离层层析反演得到的电子密度值分成6组,利用神经网络方法对该6组数据分别进行了拟合建模及预报。实验结果表明,采用电离层层析技术并经神经网络模型预报得出的电子密度值精度明显高于由IRI2007模型提供的电子密度值,其预报的30min及60min的电子密度值精度可分别达到0.45TECU和1.34TECU。     

地基GPS遥感大气水汽总量中的"静力延迟"和"湿延迟"

介绍了静力延迟和湿延迟概念的由来,推导了由对流层延迟计算水汽总量的一般公式;与李延兴等提出的新模型进行了对比,对其相应的观点提出讨论意见.认为国际上通用的AN模型比较严密地求解了对流层大气水汽总量,不存在与"真值"相比偏小的问题.     

一种基于双频非差GNSS相位数据的周跳实时探测与修复方法

在TurboEdit方法的基础上,提出一种双频非差GNSS相位数据周跳实时探测与修复算法。在MW组合中,根据卫星高度角进行定权并结合移动窗口递推计算宽巷模糊度。在电离层残差组合的基础上进行历元间二次差分,以更好地减弱电离层残差对周跳检验量的影响。当探测出存在周跳的历元之后,采用搜索法进行修复。通过采用30 s的静态数据和1 s的动态数据,并在观测数据中模拟加入小周跳、大周跳对该方法分别进行测试。结果表明,该方法可正确实现周跳的实时探测与修复。     

GNSS对流层延迟推算可降水量的季节转换模型研究

利用台湾桃园（TWTF）站气象数据和对流层延迟数据开展可降水量和对流层延迟序列的相关性分析,显示两者存在显著正相关特性。利用回归分析建立季节和全年转换模型,并利用各季节降水和无降水期间的数据对模型进行检验。结果显示,各季节GNSS可降水量与线性回归可降水量的RMS值小于1.5 mm,最大误差不超过3.3 mm,满足GNSS气象学的基本要求。     

Characteristics of S-wave Envelope Broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano

High-frequency S-wave seismogram envelopes of microearthquakes broaden with increasing travel distance,a phenomenon known as S-wave envelope broadening. Multiple forward scattering and diffraction for the random inhomogeneities along the seismic ray path are the main causes of S-wave envelope broadening,so the phenomenon of S-wave envelope broadening is used to study the inhomogeneity of the medium. The peak delay time of an S-wave,which is defined as the time lag from the direct S-wave onset to the maximum amplitude arrival of its envelope,is accepted to quantify S-wave envelope broadening. 204 small earthquake records in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano were analyzed by the S-wave envelope broadening algorithm. The results show that S-wave envelope broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is obvious,and that the peak delay time of S-wave has a positive correlation with the hypocenter distance and frequency of the S-wave. The relationships between the S-wave peak delay time and the hypocenter distance for different frequency bands were obtained using the statistics method. The results are beneficial to the understanding of the S-wave envelope broadening phenomena and the quantitative research on the inhomogeneities of the crust medium in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano region.