电离层延迟修正方法评述

电离层延迟是卫星导航定位的重要误差源之一,为了有效消除该误差的影响,需要选择适当的电离层延迟改正方法。对电离层延迟修正精度和实时性要求不同,选用的改正方法也不尽相同。本文在分析各修正方法原理的基础上,论述了各方法的优缺点、存在问题、以及适用范围,该研究对于选用电离层修正方法具有指导意义。     

基于GPS观测量的InSAR干涉图中对流层改正方法及其论证

利用一种站间和历元间的双差算法来计算InSAR结果的大气改正量.为了逐像素改正InSAR结果,引入自适应参数的支持向量机(SVM),利用稀疏的GPS站网上所获得的大气改正值回归估计未知像元上的对流层改正值.采用南加州GPS集成网络(SCIGN)数据验证了该方法的可行性.     

Real-time hybrid experimental system with actuator delay compensation and its application to a piping system with energy absorber

A real-time hybrid experimental method, in which output from an actuator-excited vibration experiment and response calculation are combined on-line and conducted simultaneously in real time, is being developed as a new seismic experimental method for structural systems. In real-time hybrid experiments, however, there is an inevitable actuator-response delay, which has an effect equivalent to negative damping. To solve this problem, a real-time hybrid experimental system (including an actuator-delay compensation method) was developed. And seismic experiments were conducted in order to demonstrate the advantages of this system. Experimental results obtained using the developed hybrid experimental system were compared with exact results obtained using shaking-table experiments, and it was found that the two experimental methods gave almost identical results. It can therefore be concluded that the structural response can be obtained precisely by using the developed hybrid experimental system. Comparison of these experiments showed the advantages of the hybrid experiments; that is, they are simple and economical. This is because the hybrid experiment requires only a small structure as the excitation model, while a shaking-table experiment must consider the whole structural system. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不确定中立型变时滞系统基于状态观测器的滑模控制

本文讨论了不确定中立型变时滞系统的滑模控制问题。首先,为了估计所要研究的不确定中立型系统的状态,构造了一个状态观测器,并设计了滑模控制律,以保证切换面的有限时间可达性。其次,基于Laypunov-Krasovskii泛函法以及线性矩阵不等式(LMI)等方法,给出了误差系统和滑模动力方程的渐近稳定性判据。最后,给出了一个数值算例说明了文本结果的有效性和可行性。     

电离层延迟变化自模型化的载波相位平滑伪距算法

传统的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法因受到电离层延迟变化的影响,容易出现平滑结果发散和精度下降的问题,而现有的解决方案对精度提高有限或需要外部精密电离层改正数据的支持。本文研究了电离层的变化规律并建立回归模型,在此基础上提出了一种自模型化电离层延迟变化的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法。此算法利用伪距和载波观测量中含有的电离层延迟信息进行电离层延迟建模,从平滑伪距中扣除了历元间电离层延迟变化值,有效避免了平滑伪距的发散问题。利用自编软件GNSSer实现了电离层自模型化的载波平滑伪距算法,并采用静态与动态实测观测数据进行了定位试验和精度分析。算例结果表明:①长时段常规Hatch滤波受电离层影响非常严重;②自模型化电离层延迟可达厘米级的精度,在30 min窗口内,使用线性移动开窗拟合法效果最佳;③自模型化电离层改正可以有效消除平滑伪距电离层影响,随着时段窗口的增加,精度没有降低;④利用本文提出的算法进行逐历元单频平滑伪距单点定位,在静态与动态的NEU方向都达到了亚分米级别的定位精度,其中,动态定位测试中水平和高程方向精度为6.25和10.4 cm,比原始伪距分别提高了5.4倍和3.3倍。     

基于神经网络模型误差补偿技术的对流层延迟模型研究

针对传统对流层延迟模型精度较低的缺点,基于神经网络模型误差补偿技术,在Hopfield模型基础上建立一个适用于北半球的高精度融合模型。以Wyoming大学提供的2010年全球120多个观测台站的气象探空数据精密解算的天顶对流层延迟(ZTD)作为近似“真值”,分析比较Hopfield模型、传统BP模型和融合模型的计算精度。结果表明,Hopfield模型的均方根误差（RMSE）为35.31 mm,传统BP模型为30.34 mm,融合模型为23.31 mm。     

Changes of the first Schumann resonance frequency during relativistic solar proton precipitation in the 6 November 1997 event

The variations of the first mode of Schumann resonance are analyzed using data from Kola peninsula stations during the solar proton event of 6 November 1997. On this day the intensive flux of energetic protons on GOES-8 and the 10% increase of the count rate of the neutron monitor in Apatity between 1220 and 2000 UT were preceded by a solar X-ray burst at 1155 UT. This burst was accompanied by a simultaneous increase of the Schumann frequency by 3.5%, and the relativistic proton flux increase was accompanied by 1% frequency decrease. These effects are explained by changes of the height and dielectric permeability of the Earth-ionosphere cavity.     

On the possible role of cusp/cleft precipitation in the formation of polar-cap patches

The work describes experimental observations of enhancements in the electron density of the ionospheric F-region created by cusp/cleft particle precipitation at the dayside entry to the polar-cap convection flow. Measurements by meridian scanning photometer and all-sky camera of optical red-line emissions from aurora are used to identify latitudinally narrow bands of soft-particle precipitation responsible for structured enhancements in electron density determined from images obtained by radio tomography. Two examples are discussed in which the electron density features with size scales and magnitudes commensurate with those of patches are shown to be formed by precipitation at the entry region to the anti-sunward flow. In one case the spectrum of the incoming particles results in ionisation being created, for the most part below 250 km, so that the patch will persist only for minutes after convecting away from the auroral source region. However in a second example, at a time when the plasma density of the solar wind was particularly high, a substantial part of the particle-induced enhancement formed above 250 km. It is suggested that, with the reduced recombination loss in the upper F-region, this structure will retain form as a patch during passage in the anti-sunward flow across the polar cap.     

地基GPS技术用于气象遥感学的初步研究

本文用ＢＥＲＮＥＳＥ软件对我国五处ＧＰＳ跟踪站的部分观测数据作了处理,得出各站上空的对流层天顶延迟量初步结果,并分析了将地基ＧＰＳ技术应用于气象遥感学急待解决的问题。     

大庆台网记录地震震相滞后问题的研究

本文主要分析了大庆台网记录地震Ｐｇ震相滞后的现象,探讨大庆台网Ｐｇ震相的滞后程度及引起震相滞后的原因。