不同TEC分布模式对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响及校正

基于SAR成像模型和R-D定位模型,分析了电离层对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式组合对SAR立体像对定位精度的影响不同,校正效果也不同:当两幅影像对应的TEC分布均匀且大小相同时,电离层对SAR立体定位精度的影响小到可以忽略;当两幅影像由于拍摄季节不同导致TEC不同时,电离层影响很大,特别是距离向精度,其影响程度与两幅影像对应的TEC差值正相关,此时定向参数精化法校正效果很好;当电离层发生扰动时,电离层影响随着扰动程度的增大而增大,定向参数精化法有一定效果,但当电离层扰动很大时,校正效果明显减弱,还需要通过斜距直接校正法等其他方法予以校正。     

磁暴期间南极South Pole站和McMurdo站电离层闪烁与GPS TEC时空变化相关性研究

目前,对电离层闪烁特性的研究大多集中在低纬度地区,而在极区,特别是在南极地区,由于测量数据稀少,所以研究十分有限。借助安装在南极South Pole站和Mc Murdo站的GPS闪烁监测仪,获取到实测的电离层闪烁数据,同时结合IGS网站提供的同址GPS观测数据,分析了2011年9月24—25日磁暴发生前,9月26日磁暴发生时以及9月27日磁暴发生后GPS L波段信号电离层相位闪烁和GPS TEC时空变化特征。分析显示,这次磁暴对电离层的一个重要的影响是在电离层扰动剧烈期间,相位闪烁活动及其强度在时间和空间分布上都显著增强。研究结果发现,在强电离层闪烁期间,实测的相位闪烁指数σ_Φ与由GPS观测数据推算的TEC变化率指数(ROTI)的变化非常相似,两者之间呈现出良好的相关性。从而证明,在如南极等缺乏独立电离层闪烁观测值的地区,GPS ROTI可以作为表征电离层闪烁的重要可选参数,进而可以借助全球分布的GPS观测数据来分析和研究电离层闪烁特性。     

弱电离层组合SPP在极区定位效果分析

研究了Klobuchar电离层改正模型和双频消电离层组合在伪距单点定位中的应用。通过实验验证了Klobuchar模型在极区的不适用性,并从理论上分析了消电离层组合在伪码噪声放大方面的缺点。针对消电离层组合中的不足,将噪声放大视为伪距定位中的主要矛盾。在降低伪距噪声和电离层延迟的不完全消除之间寻求平衡,提出了一种兼顾降噪与电离层改正的双频组合,称之为弱电离层组合。利用南极地区多个IGS跟踪站的多天数据,验证了弱电离层组合伪距单点定位相对于消电离层组合具有更好的定位效果,定位精度普遍可以提高15%~30%。不同测站对应的改善程度不尽相同,接收机内部因素造成的观测质量不佳也会使得定位精度改善不显著。     

一种顾及电离层延迟信息的长基线北斗三频模糊度解算方法

北斗卫星导航系统播发3个频点的导航信号,有利于载波相位模糊度解算。鉴于传统的三频模糊度解算方法由于受基线距离的限制难以在中长基线情形下可靠地固定模糊度,本文提出一种适用于北斗卫星系统中长基线模糊度固定的新方法。实验结果表明,改进的新算法不受基线长度的约束,在保证超宽巷、宽巷模糊度正确固定的同时,宽巷模糊度估值误差在0.3周以内;窄巷模糊度估值误差在3周以内。相比于传统算法,新方法的改进效果较好。     

日本九州岛地震震前电离层TEC异常

采用IGS发布的GIM数据,提出了一种结合滑动时窗法和临近格网点电离层TEC相关性分析法的联合分析方法,研究了震前电离层异常变化与地震的关系。通过分析震区附近5个格网点TEC的异常变化情况,发现震前电离层TEC发生明显异常变化,且格网点之间的TEC序列相关性受地震显著影响;通过分析二维电离层图的TEC异常空间分布,发现震前三天震中附近分别出现6h、12h和6h的异常。最后利用电离层层析的方法,对电离层异常时刻进行了电子密度的反演,进一步分析了电子密度在电离层异常时刻的分布情况。     

Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding Scheme

1 .Introduction Underwater acoustic (UWA) communicationis a fast developingfield,and its applicationis notlimitedto military affairs ,but is also extendinginto commercial fields .Catipovic (1990) ,Stojanovic(1996) and Kilfoyle and Baggeroer (2000) pointed…     

An Assessment of Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Products

In the context of the sea level survey at the mm level, it is necessary all along the lifetime of the altimeter mission to survey the quality of the products from the microwave radiometer. The calibration of the brightness temperatures has been validated using reference brightness temperatures over selected continental areas as well as simulations for a wide range of oceanic and atmospheric situations. The validation of the wet path delay is performed by comparison with radiosonde measurements and pointed out that both the JMR and the TMR estimate wet path delay around 5 mm higher than the one measured by radiosondes. Furthermore, it appeared that the correction of the TMR drift degrades the product with respect to radiosonde measurements. The monitoring of the brightness temperatures since launch shows a mean drift around +0.1 K/year for the 18.7 GHz, -0.6 K/year for the 23.8 GHz channel, and around -0.4 K/year for the 34 GHz channel.     

测度链上微分方程的进展

综述测度链上微分方程理论的基本概念及其最新进展，包括作者的研究集体所做的工作，也提出一些值得进一步研究的课题。     

Monitoring the TOPEX and Jason-1 Microwave Radiometers with GPS and VLBI Wet Zenith Path Delays

Monitoring of altimeter microwave radiometer measurements is necessary in order to identify radiometer drifts or offsets that if uncorrected will introduce systematic errors into ocean height measurements. To examine TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (TMR) and Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer (JMR) behavior, we have used coincident wet zenith delay estimates from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic sites near altimeter ground tracks. We derived a TMR path delay drift rate of -1.1 ± 0.1 mm/yr using GPS data for the period from 1993.0-1999.0 and -1.2 ± 0.5 mm/yr using VLBI data. Thereafter, the drift appears to have leveled off. Already after 2.3 years (82 cycles) of the Jason-1 mission, it is clear that there have been significant systematic errors in the JMR path delay measurements. From comparison with GPS wet delays, there is an offset of -5.2 ± 0.6 mm at about cycle 30 and a more abrupt offset of -11.5 ± 0.8 mm at cycle 69. If we look at the behavior of the JMR coldest brightness temperatures, we see that the offsets near cycle 30 and cycle 69 are mainly caused by corresponding offsets in the 23.8 GHz channel of -0.49 ± 0.12 K and -1.18 ± 0.13 K, although there is a small 34.0 GHz offset at cycle 69 of 0.75 ± 0.22 K. Drifts in the 18.0 and 34.0 GHz channels produce a small path delay drift of 0.3 ± 0.5 mm/yr.     

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