莱州湾沿岸平原海水入侵灾害的发展进程

莱州湾东、南沿岸平原的海（咸）水入侵是人为过量采取地下水和自然环境变化共同引发的灾害。根据多年观测数据绘制的地下水位负值区、淡水资源超采量和海（咸）水入侵面积等三标志划分灾害进程为初始阶段、发展阶段、恶化阶段和缓解阶段。给出了灾害发展模式。以此解释新区灾害,针对灾害发展的不同阶段,采取适时而有效的防灾减灾对策和措施。     

Sectional distribution of salinity and its indication of Kuroshio's intrusion in the southern Taiwan Strait and northeastern South China Sea late summer, 1994

INTRODUCTIONIn the late summer Of 1994 (from the end of August to the beginning of September), R/VsOcean Research l, Yanping 2, Ocean Research 3 and XiangWnghong 14 conducted a quasi-simultaneous comprehensive investigation in the southern Taiwan Strait (STS), the northeasternSouth China Sea (SCS) and their adjacent areas, and got CTD data from more than 330 stations.Based on sectional salinity distribution of 10 selected sections, this paper analyses the sectionaldistribution of…     

近50年来莱州湾南岸气候变化及环境效应

利用实测的地面气象资料,对近50年来莱州湾南岸的气候变化特征进行了分析。发现自1954年以来莱州湾南岸地区气温持续升高;年均降雨量处于波状起伏状态,1970年以前为多雨期,1970-1990年为少雨期,此后降雨量又有所增加。气温和降水量的变化,加上人类活动不断增强,导致莱州湾南岸海水入侵快速发展,台风风暴潮发生频次和强度有所增加,滨海生态系统发生变化。     

最近30年来人类活动对莱州湾南岸地貌过程及海水入侵的影响

以1979年以来4个时相的遥感影像为主要信息源,在野外地貌调查和验证的基础上,采用RS、GIS技术并引入景观空间分析方法,通过目视解译提取莱州湾南岸不同时期的地貌信息,分析了人类活动对海岸带地貌过程及海水入侵的影响.结果表明,最近30年来海岸带地貌整体表现为景观多样性指数、均匀度指数先升高后下降的趋势,表明海岸带地貌的...     

大连大魏家滨海岩溶区海水入侵化学过程

通过不同比例的海水与淡水的混合作用及其混合水对碳酸盐岩的混合溶蚀作用的室内模拟实验,对滨海岩溶区海水入侵过程中的化学过程和水-岩作用进行了研究。在海水入侵过程中,海水与淡水的混合作用是以机械混合为基础的复杂化学过程;过渡带混合水对围岩(碳酸盐岩)的混合溶蚀作用则是以分子扩散和表面反应为主的复杂化学过程;而混合水与岩溶空间内的松散沉积物间的各种离子交换作用主要是阳离子交换吸附。室内模拟试验和野外实测地下水化学组分剖面资料对应说明,淡水、海水界面之间的过渡带中部区的混合溶蚀作用最强,亦可能是岩溶最发育的部位。     

极端干旱条件下珠江口东江三角洲咸潮上溯响应规律研究

2021年珠江东江流域遭遇1956年以来最严重干旱,上游控制断面博罗站年均径流较多年平均减少了64.5%。在此极端干旱条件下,2021－2022年枯水期珠江口东江三角洲遭遇了有记录以来的最强咸潮上溯,严重威胁到区域供水安全。本文基于2009－2022年东江三角洲各水厂含氯度数据,利用交叉小波和小波相干分析识别了咸潮上溯与径流、潮汐、外海含氯度及海平面波动等影响因素间的相位关系与共变周期,揭示了极端干旱条件下东江三角洲咸潮上溯的主控因素及含氯度峰值交替变化的原因。研究发现,2021－2022年枯水期东江三角洲咸潮上溯主要影响因素为潮汐与伶仃洋湾内含氯度,其次为外海海平面波动,三种因素对东江三角洲咸潮上溯影响的时间尺度相互交织。5~9 d的周期变化主要受外海海平面波动影响;14.8 d的变化周期主要由大小潮及伶仃洋湾内含氯度控制;28~32 d的周期变化主要影响因素为伶仃洋湾内含氯度。东江三角洲含氯度峰值交替变化的原因主要为伶仃洋湾内含氯度与潮汐间存在相位差 （相关系数r=0.73,显著性水平P<0.01）,并叠加外海海平面波动上升的影响（r=0.31,P<0.01）。本文可为东江三角洲咸潮预报及流域调度提供一定借鉴。     

Effect of climate change on sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers

There is increasing debate these days on climate change and its possible consequences. Much of this debate has focused in the context of surface water systems. In many arid areas of the world, rainfall is scarce and so is surface runoff. These areas rely heavily on groundwater. The consequences of climate change on groundwater are long term and can be far reaching. One of the more apparent consequences is the increased migration of salt water inland in coastal aquifers. Using two coastal aquifers, one in Egypt and the other in India, this study investigates the effect of likely climate change on sea water intrusion. Three realistic scenarios mimicking climate change are considered. Under these scenarios, the Nile Delta aquifer is found to be more vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吉林安图海沟岩体岩石地球化学特征及其成岩构造环境

海沟岩体是海沟金矿的赋矿岩体,由边缘相二长岩和中心相二长花岗岩组成,其岩石化学成分具有低硅,富铝,全碱含量较高等特点。海沟岩体富集高场强元素( HFSE) Th、U、Nb、Ta、Hf、 Zr,亏损大离子亲石元素( LILE) 。岩体稀土元素呈强分馏、无明显铕异常、轻稀土强烈富集模式。在构造环境判别图解上,样品均落入火山弧环境。综合分析认为海沟岩体与中太古宙色洛河群变质岩共同组成了一个小规模的变质核杂岩,结合海沟岩体锆石SHRIMP U --Pb 精确定年结果( 322 ～ 326 Ma) ,认为在海西早期中亚-蒙古洋尚未闭合、南北地体未发生碰撞前,大洋板块向南深俯冲于华北板块之后引起陆壳增生,部分融熔形成深熔含铀钾质花岗岩。海沟岩体可能为火山弧环境下形成敦化隆起这一陆壳增生过程的产物。     

A numerical study on seasonal variations of the Taiwan Warm Current

Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is employed to investigate the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and its seasonal variations. Results show that the TWC exhibits pronounced seasonal variations in its sources, strength and flow patterns. In summer, the TWC flows northeast in straight way and reaches around 32°N; it comes mainly from the Taiwan Strait, while its lower part is from the shelf-intrusion of the Kuroshio subsurface water (KSSW). In winter, coming mainly from the shelf-intrusion of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan, the TWC flows northward in a winding way and reaches up around 30°N. The Kuroshio intrusion also has distinct seasonal patterns. The shelf-intrusion of KSSW by upwelling is almost the same in four seasons with a little difference in strength; it is a persistent source of the TWC. However, Kuroshio surface water (KSW) can not intrude onto the shelf in summer, while in winter the intrusion of KSW always occurs. Additional experiments were conducted to examine effects of winds and transport through     

One-Dimensional Hydraulic Analysis of the Effect of Sea Level Rise on Salinity Intrusion in the Sebou Estuary,Morocco

Global climate change has resulted in a gradual sea-level rise. Sea-level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, thereby threatening freshwater habitat and drinking water supplies. On the other hand, sea-level rise, resulting from thermal expansion of ocean waters and increased melting of glaciers and ice caps, is one of the most apparent and widespread consequences of climate change. This phenomenon has been taken into account in all the Assessment Reports published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this paper, salinity intrusion and intrusion length due to possible sea-level rise in the Sebou estuary (Morocco) was investigated. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic-salinity transport model was used for the simulation of the salinity intrusion and associated water quality, with observed field data being used for model calibration and validation. Additionally, the model validation process showed that the model results fit the observed data fairly well. A coupled gas-cycle/climate model was used to generate the climate change scenarios in the studied area that showed sea-level rises varying from 0.3 to 0.9 m for 2100. The models were then combined to assess the impact of future sea-level rise on the salinity distribution and intrusion length in the Sebou estuary. The response of salt intrusion length to changes in important dimensional parameters are presented, showing that the salinity intrusion length is inversely correlated with the river discharge, i.e., a high river discharge results in a reduced salt intrusion and vice versa, and directly with the sea-level rise. Additionally, the magnitude and frequency of the salinity standard violations at the two pump stations were predicted for 2100, showing that the salinity violations under climate change effects can increase to ～45–48% of the times at these locations. Finally, the main objective of this simulation method is to accelerate and facilitate of systems' behavior learning in the current and future situation.