三个二次代数曲面的低次拼接

用计算机代数方法，研究了三个二次曲面的光滑拼接，给出了二次拼接曲面存在的判别方法，及计算拼接曲面的Matlab程序。     

三峡工程蓄水前后的精密重力测量

介绍了三峡工程蓄水前后的精密重力测量和取得的初步研究成果。观测资料表明 :库坝附近水荷载的直接重力效应明显 ,最大重力变化约 2 0 0× 10 -8ms-2 ,地下水渗透和地形变引起的间接重力效应 ,其影响范围离库岸约 5km ;库首区的最大重力变化区域在香溪附近 ,蓄水后的重力场变化需要继续监视和深入研究     

Stability of some New Zealand coastal inlets

The relation of tidal compartments to entrance cross‐sectional areas is examined for 20 coastal inlets. Sixteen inlets conform to a linear relationship, which is consistent with stable entrances the sizes of which are determined by the ability of the tidal flow to transport sediment. Based on this criterion deposition should be taking place at the entrances of the other four inlets: Wellington, Lyttelton, and Akaroa harbours, and Paterson Inlet. Available data confirm this for Wellington and Lyttelton Harbours.     

Comparison of the ectosymbionts and parasites of an introduced crab,Charybdis japonica,with sympatric and allopatric populations of a native New Zealand crab,Ovalipes catharus (Brachyura: Portunidae)

The success of biological invaders is often attributed to escape from specialist enemies in their natural range, such as predators and parasites. For enemy escape to have direct consequences in competitive interactions, invaders need to be less vulnerable to enemies than native competitors in the region they invade, but first the presence of these enemies must be established. We investigated the macroparasite and ectosymbiont fauna of the recently introduced portunid crab Charybdis japonica, and compared it with sympatric and allopatric populations of the native New Zealand portunid, Ovalipes catharus. A total of 468 crabs (350 O. catharus and 118 C. japonica) were collected from six harbours throughout New Zealand (Whangarei, Waitemata, Nelson, Lyttelton, Dunedin, and Bluff) and the identity, incidence and prevalence of ectosymbionts and parasites were compared among the different populations. Charybdis japonica and O. catharus harboured different ectosymbionts. Serpulid polychaete tubes occurred on the exoskeleton of 85.4% of C. japonica examined, but were absent from O. catharus. The bryozoan, Triticella capsularis occurred on 97.4% of O. catharus but was not found on C. japonica. Few endoparasites were present in either species. An unidentified juvenile ascaridoid nematode occurred in the hindgut of 5.9% of C. japonica, but was not found in sympatric populations of O. catharus. A second, unidentified species of ascaridoid nematode occurred in 7.1% of O. catharus from Nelson, but was not present in specimens from the five other harbours sampled. Melanised lesions were observed in the muscle tissue of almost half (46.6%) of the C. japonica examined. Histological examination showed these to be of two types: (1) spherical bodies resembling melanised trematode metacercariae; and (2) lesions consistent with wound repair. Lesions were not observed in O. catharus. Although the identity of parasites and epibionts carried by each species differed, both C. japonica and O. catharus had relatively low parasite species richness. We could not test whether the introduced portunid, C. japonica, is any less vulnerable to parasite enemies than the New Zealand portunid, O. catharus.     

Invasive Saltcedar (Tamarix): Its Spread from the American Southwest to the Northern Great Plains

The advance of saltcedar from the American southwest to Montana between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries crossed the Continental Divide—a major topographic and climatic barrier to natural dispersal by southern plants. Interviews, archival information, and field observations are used to explain this advance. According to archival documents, saltcedar was planted in communities adjacent to the Bighorn River in central Wyoming as part of urban beautification projects in 1936. Bureau of Reclamation reports describe tree plantings for erosion control between 1940 and 1953 within the Riverton Irrigation Project in the Wind-Bighorn River watershed. These introductions were followed by rapid natural dispersal northward by water and wind through the Wind/Bighorn system and into the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers in Montana before closure of Boysen and Bighorn dams in 1951 and 1967. Construction equipment and ornamental plantings further transported saltcedar to the Fort Peck Reservoir and the Musselshell River. We conclude that, without control at its advancing fronts, a complete ban of its sale, and removal of existing ornamental and erosion control trees, saltcedar will invade most suitable sites in the Missouri watershed and disperse northwards into western Canada.     

森林凋落叶分解过程中单萜烯排放研究进展

对森林凋落叶分解过程中排放单萜烯气体的研究方法、种类、来源、排放量及影响因素进行综述。森林凋落叶分解过程中单萜烯气体排放的研究方法主要是在实验室控制条件下对凋落叶进行培养模拟分解并同步采集分析单萜烯气体样品,或者在野外采用分解袋法对凋落叶进行现场分解后带回实验室采集测定单萜烯气体样品;凋落叶排放的单萜烯目前检测到的有1...     

近三年徐州市土壤墒情时空变化分析

利用徐州市2008～2010年10个站点的土壤墒情观测资料,对该区域土壤墒情的时空变化规律进行了分析,发现徐州市土壤含水量西部和南部相对较高,东部和北部较低,土壤墒情受降水量和土壤质地影响较大,降水偏少是造成2010年徐州土壤墒情较差的主要原因。     

雅鲁藏布江断裂带附近地应力场的变化特征

为了解雅鲁藏布江断裂带附近的原地应力场状态,采目前先进的水压致裂方法,在西藏拉贡机场CK3号井中进行了52．5～73．6m、92．2～105m、117．12～142．6m、142．91～153．7m、187．38～173．7m、187．38～217．98m、227．3～288m、293．5～322m共计八个深度段的地应力测量。运用工程地质分析原理和统计分析方法对研究区地应力场的总体变化特征以及垂直埋深、水平埋深的关系进行了分析研究,取得各测段处的最大、最小水平主压应力的量值以及岩石的原地抗张强度、岩石的重张压力等力学参数。另外利用区域地质构造和三维有限元分析方法相结合的技术,分析确定测区附近的主应力方向,为雅鲁藏布江构造带的应力场研究和工程设计提供依据。     

长白山区热量资源推算与农作物品种布局

本文根据地理纬度、经度和海拔建立了吉林省东部长白山区热量资源的推算方程;采用地理细网格场的分析方法,推算出山区各地的热量资源状况,绘出细网格热量资源分布图,并以此为依据,制定了该山区农作物品种布局方案。     

EOF在广西春季降水分析中的应用

利用EOF方法对广西1961-2003年春季（2-4月）降水进行分析，得出广西降水一致性即旱或涝为春季主要降水类型与桂北-桂南和桂东南-桂西北反位相型。依此广西春季降水可分为桂东北、桂东南和桂西三个区。利用第一时间系数、67个站平均降水距平值和正负距平站数三种方法统计出广西春季历年的旱涝年，1961-2003年期间存在11a涝和14a旱。在降水异常年里桂东南降水变化最大，其次为桂东北，变化最小为桂西。