太湖水体势能异常及水体层化的特征及其机制

大型浅水湖泊的水体势能异常和层化对水生生态环境演变、局地天气及气候系统有着重要的影响。基于2009年8月11—22日和3月17—28日的气象数据及水温廓线,探讨了太湖水体势能异常和表层混合层深度的变化规律及其机制。结果表明:太湖水体势能异常呈现明显的日变化特征,晚间水体势能异常消失,而白天逐步凸现出来;水—气之间的热量交换是影响水体势能异常和水体层化程度的关键性因子;夏季水体势能异常和层化程度远强于春季,其主要原因是夏季风场引起的混合作用比春季弱,而夏季水—气热量交换对水体势能异常的增强作用比春季强;水体势能异常程度与表层混合层深度存在显著的指数关系。     

具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的同步研究

在现实生活中,很多复杂的系统不是由单个网络来表示,而是由一组相互依赖的网络系统来表示的.本文研究了具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的对应节点的同步控制问题.基于随机微分时滞方程的LaSalle不变原理和Lyapunov稳定性理论,采用牵制控制方法,对部分节点实施控制,给出了实现同步的充分条件.为了降低反馈控制的增益,结合自适应控制的方法,进一步弱化了两层异质网络实现同步的条件.最后,通过数值仿真,验证了理论结果的有效性.     

地热井固井材料导热性能影响因素

固井材料导热性能是影响地热井取热效果的因素之一。为提升地热井固井材料导热系数,采用正交试验,借助层次分析-指标重复性相关（AHP-CRITIC）混合加权法和极差分析,进行固井材料导热性能研究。结果表明：添加天然鳞片石墨、铁粉和石英砂均可提高固井材料导热系数,其中石墨对导热系数的提升作用最为显著,铁粉次之,石英砂最小;石墨掺量和水固比分别是影响固井材料综合性能的主次要因素;随着石墨掺量递增,其导热系数递增、48 h抗压强度和流动度均递减;得出高导热固井材料的优选配合比为：水固比值0.44,石墨、铁粉和石英砂掺量分别占水泥质量的7.5%、3%、2%,其导热系数可达1.87 W/（m·K）,较常规固井材料提高约70%。研究成果可为地热能高效开发利用提供参考。     

拉脊山混杂带东段峡门早奥陶世埃达克岩的确认及地质意义

拉脊山混杂带东段峡门地区侵入岩可进一步解体为英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（480.7±1.9）Ma（MSWD=0.80）,代表岩体侵位时代为早奥陶世。主量元素特征表明岩石具高硅（SiO2=59.10%~63.45%）、高铝（Al2O3=15.40%~16.19%）、富钠贫钾（Na2O/K2O=1.41~2.03）的特征,属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈轻稀土富集（ΣLREE=148.22×10-6~173.46×10-6）、重稀土亏损（ΣHREE=10.04×10-6~14.40×10-6）的右倾型曲线,显示轻微Eu负异常（δEu=0.92~0.96）。岩石明显富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,同时形成Ta、P、Ti均亏损的"TNT"谷,显示出弧花岗岩特征。岩石具高Sr（591.9×10-6~922.9×10-6）、低Y（12.44×10-6~18.79×10-6）和低Yb（1.24×10-6~1.90×10-6）特点,具有较高的Sr/Y（34.85~55.76）值,与典型的埃达克岩地球化学特征一致。结合区域资料综合研究认为,峡门早奥陶世埃达克岩源于俯冲板片流体交代地幔楔诱发下地壳富含角闪岩相的基性玄武质岩石部分熔融,形成于俯冲、消减作用下的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境,说明该时期拉脊山洋盆在峡门地区已处于板块碰撞前期阶段。     

结合空间信息选取最优端元组合的混合像元分解

传统的混合像元分解算法认为每个像元都包含图像中所能提取的全部端元组分,但这并不符合实际情况。实际上图像中大多数混合像元仅由少部分端元混合而成。由于端元提取精度及噪声的影响,采用全部端元对混合像元进行分解,会使得混合像元中实际并不存在的端元的丰度估计值不为零,分解结果存在较大误差。由于混合像元大多存在于不同地物的交界处,基于此,本文提出了一种结合图像的空间信息选取混合像元最优端元子集的方法。利用一个空间结构元素,从混合像元的附近邻域开始搜索,将搜索到的纯净像元光谱与所提取的图像端元光谱进行对比,并确定混合像元的端元子集进行分解。根据RMSE大小和变化情况,逐步扩大结构元素的大小,不断调整搜索范围,直至得到最优端元组合。模拟数据和真实数据的试验结果表明,该方法相比传统的全端元光谱分解方法,在总体上获得了更好的分解效果。     

Modelling the relationship between sexual reproduction and rhizome growth in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

The relationship between flowering and growth performance of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in meadows distributed along the south‐eastern coast of Sicily (Italy) was investigated by means of a statistical model (generalized linear mixed model) combined with the lepidochronological analysis. Over a 28‐year period, 67 floral stalk remains were observed. The highest flowering index was recorded in lepidochronological year 1998 (10.1%) and the Inflorescence Frequency per age showed a clear decrease corresponding to 15‐year‐old shoots. The sexual reproductive event had positive effects on rhizome elongation (cm year^?1) and leaf production (no. leaves year^?1) in the same flowering year, whilst no effect on the rhizome production (mg year^?1) was observed. Rhizome growth variables showed significant negative lagged responses in the two years following flowering. On the whole, we calculated that the effect exerted by flowering, in terms of loss on rhizome elongation and production, was about 27% and 38%, respectively. Although it has been demonstrated that recovery from the stress induced by sexual reproduction is limited to the two years after flowering, the magnitude of the reproductive cost may become quite considerable especially in comparison with the whole lifespan of individual shoots.     

Choice of norm for the density distribution of the Earth

Summary. The determination of the density distribution of the Earth from gravity data is called the inverse gravimetric problem. A unique solution to this problem may be obtained by introducing a priori data concerning the covariance of density anomalies. This is equivalent to requiring the density to fulfil a minimum norm condition. The generally used norm is the one equal to the integral of the square of the density distribution ( L² -norm), the use of which implies that blocks of constant density are uncorrelated. It is shown that for harmonic anomalous density distributions this leads to an external gravity field with a power spectrum (degree-variances) which tends too slowly to zero, i.e. implying gravity anomalies much less correlated than actually observed. It is proposed to use a stronger norm, equal to the integral of the square sum of the derivatives of the density distribution. As a consequence of this, base functions which are constant within blocks, are no longer a natural choice when solving the inverse gravimetric problem. Instead a block with a linearly varying density may be used. A formula for the potential of such a block is derived.     

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体流动特性变化规律

质量浓度、废石掺量是影响尾砂-废石混合回填体流动特性的主要因素,研究这些因素对膏体流动性的影响规律,对于控制膏体流动性具有重要意义。采用改进的小型直剪装置进行混合回填体直剪试验,以黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度为依据,综合得出了混合回填膏体流动性变化规律。试验结果表明,膏体在受力变形前期呈较为明显的似弹性性质,随废石掺量增加,位移-剪应力曲线中阶梯状变化趋势增加;回填体黏聚力取决于质量浓度,内摩擦角受质量浓度和废石掺量影响程度基本相同,两者协同作用;质量浓度在80%～88%范围时,黏聚力随质量浓度增大呈非线性增大,内摩擦角与质量浓度呈S型变化趋势;抗剪强度随质量浓度的增大而增加,在82%～84%区间抗剪强度变化显著,流动性出现突变。     

面向端元提取的光谱角特征空间图像分块方法

传统的高光谱端元提取算法一般是在高维的光谱特征空间中进行运算,并且图像的全部像元都参与算法,因此运算量偏大,运算效率较低。提出了一种光谱角特征空间的概念,利用图像的空间信息辅助端元提取。图像的全部像元都可以映射到8维的光谱角特征空间中,样本点在特征空间中距离原点的远近表征了其在图像中的位置是否为地物区块的边缘,利用这点可以对高光谱图像进行空间分割。在分割后的每个子块图像内部只选取少数"最纯"像元参与端元提取算法,从而大大降低了端元提取的计算复杂度。     

DMS and SO2 at Baring Head, New Zealand: Implications for the Yield of SO2 from DMS

Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations were measured at Baring Head, New Zealandduring February and March 2000. Anti-correlated DMS and SO₂ diurnalcycles, consistent with the photochemical production of SO₂ from DMS, were observed in clean southerly air off the ocean. The data is used to infer a yield of SO₂ from DMS oxidation. The estimated yields are highly dependent on assumptions about the DMS oxidation rate. Fitting the measured data in a photochemical box model using model-generated OH levels and the Hynes et al. (1986) DMS + OH rate constant suggests that theSO₂ yield is 50–100%, similar to current estimates for the tropical Pacific.However, the observed amplitude of the DMS diurnal cycle suggests that the oxidation rate is higher than that used by the model, and therefore, that theSO₂ yield is lower in the range of 20–40%.