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901.
Measurements from the Galileo probe suggest that the zonal winds are deep rooted. Jupiter's high rotation rate makes it likely that the whole outer molecular H/He layer is involved in these long-lived jet flows. Assuming that the primary flows are geostrophic, and that the banded surface structure stretches right through the molecular H/He layer, we examine the conditions for such flows to be stable. As a first step, the linear stability of some prescribed banded zonal flows in a rotating spherical shell is explored. Incompressibility is assumed for simplicity, and the boundary condition is stress-free. We compare solutions for two aspect ratios, appropriate for the molecular H/He layers of Jupiter and Saturn, and two Ekman numbers (E=10−2 and E=10−4). Convective and shear flow instabilities compete in our system. The convective instabilities are of the well-known columnar structure. Shear flow instabilities for the larger Ekman number are similar to the Taylor-Couette instability in rotating annuli. At the lower Ekman number, shear flow instabilities adopt a geostrophic character, assuming the form of rotating columns, similar to the convective instabilities. While the convective instability always sets in outside the tangent cylinder, shear instability can become unstable inside the tangent cylinder. If even a weak zonal flow is present inside the tangent cylinder, the flow is unstable to shear instability. This offers an explanation why the jovian zonal jet structure is much weaker at the higher latitudes that correspond to locations inside the tangent cylinder. 相似文献
902.
903.
地震人员伤亡估算方法研究 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
本文将目前国内外地震人员伤亡的评估方法区分为将生命损失用货币单位来衡量和单独估算人员伤亡数量两大类,并对评估方法进行了系统归纳总结,在此基础上,利用以倒塌率为主要影响因素的6种估算方法对1976年唐山地震,1996年云南丽江7.0级地震及内蒙古包头西6.4级地震的人员伤亡进行了评估,并与三次地震人员伤亡的实际统计结构进行了比较,最后,提出了一种较精确,适用的伤亡评估方法。 相似文献
904.
结合贵州福泉下翁溪水库、芙蓉江沙阡电站、冗各电站3个工程实例,介绍探地雷达勘探在岩溶、断层破碎带等不良地质构造勘察方面的应用. 相似文献
905.
Seismic stability of retaining walls with surcharge 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The use of pseudo-static methods for the computation of soil thrust acting on retaining walls under seismic condition is well established in the design of such structures. Although different methods, based on the limited displacement concept, have been developed in the last 20 years, the most common design method is still the method derived from the theory developed by Mononobe and Okabe. However, the Mononobe–Okabe method presents a basic shortcoming: the solution is based on the limit equilibrium of the soil wedge without taking into account the presence of the wall. In the paper a new solution based on the pseudo-static equilibrium of the soil–wall system is presented. The developed solution takes into account the effect of the presence of the wall and it is applied to soil–wall systems with surcharged backfills. Formulas are provided to calculate directly the yield acceleration and the inclination of the failure surface. The effect of the intensity of the surcharge and of its distance from the wall is investigated and the results are compared to those obtained in the case of soil–wall systems without surcharge. 相似文献
906.
The caldera-forming eruption of Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
3 of magma erupted, ∼95% of which was deposited as fall layers. During most of the deposition of P1, eruptive intensity (mass
flux) was almost constant at 4–8×107 kg s−1, producing a Plinian column 25–30 km in height. Size grading at the top of P1 indicates, however, that mass flux waned dramatically,
and possibly that there was a brief pause in the eruption. During the post-P1 phase of the eruption, a much smaller volume
of magma erupted, although mass flux varied by more than an order of magnitude. We suggest that caldera collapse began at
the end of the P1 phase of the eruption, because along with the large differences in mass flux behavior between P1 and post-P1
layers, there were also dramatic changes in lithic content (P1 contains ∼8% lithics; post-P1 layers contain 30–60%) and magma
composition (P1 is 98% rhyodacite; post-P1 layers are 60–90% rhyodacite). However, the total volume of magma erupted during
the Jala pumice event is close to that estimated for the caldera. These observations appear to conflict with models which
envision that, after an eruption is initiated by overpressure in the magma chamber, caldera collapse begins when the reservoir
becomes underpressurized as a result of the removal of magma. The conflict arises because firstly, the P1 layer makes up too
large a proportion (∼75%) of the total volume erupted to correspond to an overpressurized phase, and secondly, the caldera
volume exceeds the post-P1 volume of magma by at least a factor of three. The mismatches between model and observations could
be reconciled if collapse began near the beginning of the eruption, but no record of such early collapse is evident in the
tephra sequence. The apparent inability to place the Jala pumice eruptive sequence into existing models of caldera collapse,
which were constructed to explain the formation of calderas much greater in volume than that at Ceboruco, may indicate that
differences in caldera mechanics exist that depend on size or that a more general model for caldera formation is needed.
Received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted: 23 October 1999 相似文献
907.
908.
T. Schenk 《The Photogrammetric Record》2000,16(95):743-762
909.
高速公路拼接段地基处理设计分析方法与工程实践 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
针对新、老高速公路拼接段的两种拼接型式直接拼接和分离拼接 ,对新建路基实施拼接后 ,以超载形式引起已建高速公路产生的附加沉降的不良影响进行研究 ,选择了造价低、施工方便的沉降隔离墙方案。应用土体固结非线性有限元法 ,对锡澄与沪宁高速公路拼接段中的隔离墙在工程中所起的作用进行数值模拟 ,计算分析表明 ,隔离墙的存在可有效地减少锡澄高速公路拼接后对沪宁高速公路主线中心的附加沉降量。 相似文献
910.
以宜宾市南广路挡土墙工程为例 ,介绍了填方边坡处理时用桩锚挡土墙进行支挡 ,以便充分利用土地的设计思路和施工要点。 相似文献