基于灰色Verhulst模型的岩溶塌陷定量预报预测方法

在总结分析现有岩溶塌陷预报预测方法的基础上,从灰色系统理论出发,选取带有时间因子的地下水动力条件因素为已知信息,应用灰色Verhulst模型对桂林柘木村岩溶塌陷的发生时问进行了预报预测验证.验证结果显示,预测时问和实际塌陷时间基本吻合.柘木村3月份岩溶塌陷的预测时问为2000年3月17日,实际塌陷时问为2000年3月20日,预测值比实际值提前3天,准确率为90%;8月份岩溶塌陷的预测时间为2000年8月14日,实际塌陷时问为2000年8月14日,准确率为100%.另外,作者对预报产生误差的可能原因进行了分析,以便能改进模型,进一步提高预测精度.     

岩土锚固理论及应用研究现状与发展

通过详细介绍地锚荷载传递机理以及岩土锚固作用机理的研究成果,论述了岩土锚固理论研究的现状,通过锚杆结构、型式、锚固机具、锚固材料、土钉墙等几方面简介了岩土锚固技术的应用现状,并指出了研究中存在的问题及研究发展方向。     

近场强地震动模拟中对破裂的方向性效应和上盘效应的表达.

为了模拟近场强地震动，采用了基于有限断层模型的一种随机合成方法．震源破裂面被剖分成一定数量的子源，总的地震矩分成数量更多的子震的矩．一给定子源中一次子震引起的场地地震动的傅氏谱，通过考虑点源的谱、随着距离的衰减、能量耗散及近地表效应等导出．据此幅值谱和一个随机相位谱，并与一个时程包络函数结合，合成一个子震时程．将各子源中各个子震引起的所有时程叠加，得出场地的地震动时程．叠加中，各子震时程之间的时滞，据子震发震时差和子源至场地的距离差别引起的时差确定．对一个设定地震，选用4个断层面倾角，计算了近场21个地点的地震动．结果表明，本文方法可以很好地表达破裂的方向性效应和上盘效应．为了验证方法的可靠性，对1994年美国北岭地震中3个近断层台站MCN，LV3和PCD模拟的地震动与实际记录的加速度反应谱和时程作了比较．      

民用数码相机可量测化的探讨

通过对民用数码相机获取数码影像产生的误差来源进行分析,提出利用数码相机获取数码影像,并对其相机畸变差进行纠正,达到可量测化的目的,探讨低成本、多途径获取可量测化立体像对的可能性及方法。     

Ductility‐dependent intensity measure that accounts for ground‐motion spectral shape and duration

The calculated nonlinear structural responses of a building can vary greatly, even if recorded ground motions are scaled to the same spectral acceleration at a building's fundamental period. To reduce the variation in structural response at a particular ground‐motion intensity, this paper proposes an intensity measure (IM_comb) that accounts for the combined effects of spectral acceleration, ground‐motion duration, and response spectrum shape. The intensity measure includes a new measure of spectral shape that integrates the spectrum over a period range that depends on the structure's ductility. The new IM is efficient, sufficient, scalable, transparent, and versatile. These features make it suitable for evaluating the intensities of measured and simulated ground motions. The efficiency and sufficiency of the new IM is demonstrated for the following: (i) elastic‐perfectly plastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillators with a variety of ductility demands and periods; (ii) ductile and brittle deteriorating SDOF systems with a variety of periods; and (iii) collapse analysis for 30 previously designed frames. The efficiency is attributable to the inclusion of duration and to the ductility dependence of the spectral shape measure. For each of these systems, the transparency of the intensity measure made it possible to identify the sensitivity of structural response to the various characteristics of the ground motion. Spectral shape affected all structures, but in particular, ductile structures. Duration only affected structures with cyclic deterioration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

microRNA介导雨生红球藻在高光胁迫下次级细胞壁形成和虾青素积累的分子机制

雨生红球藻(Haematococcuspluvialis)是天然虾青素的最佳来源,它可以在高光胁迫等不利条件下转变成厚壁细胞并积累大量虾青素。然而,目前从微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)层面来揭示在高光胁迫下雨生红球藻次级细胞壁形成和虾青素合成的机理研究尚未见报道。对高光处理下三个时间点的雨生红球藻样品进行microRNA测序,共鉴定出342个已知miRNA和283个新miRNA。在这625个miRNA中,其中有206个miRNA的表达量受高光影响,这些差异表达的miRNA的靶基因参与了淀粉与蔗糖代谢、甘露糖与果糖代谢、糖酵解和萜类骨架生物合成等重要代谢通路。结合转录组结果发现,高光胁迫下有6个miRNA调控了3个和次级细胞壁形成相关靶基因的表达,有5个miRNA调控了5个和虾青素生物合成相关靶基因的表达。以上结果揭示了雨生红球藻在高光下miRNA调控次级细胞壁形成和虾青素生物合成的潜在机制,为雨生红球藻虾青素的代谢工程奠定了理论基础。     

Natural vibration characteristics of gravity structures

A forced vibration procedure is presented to estimate fundamental and higher frequencies of vibrations and associated mode shapes of gravity structures. The gravity structures considered are retaining walls and gravity dams. The validity of the proposed procedure is tested on three test problems of varying complexity for which the natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes either have known analytical solutions or have been determined via numerical means/field tests by others. Also included are the results of natural vibration frequencies and associated mode shapes for a spillway control structure located near the abutment end of an embankment dam obtained using the proposed procedure. For all problems considered, fundamental frequency and mode shape results using the proposed procedure are compared with the results obtained using an alternative procedure in which static deflections due to the structure's own weight are used as the starting point for free vibrations by setting the gravity vector to zero. All results compare well. The merits of the proposed procedure are discussed. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanism of cadmium resistance and adsorption of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11

The mechanism of cadmium resistance of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11 isolated from mine soil was investigated. We found that the yeast cells treated with different methods showed different cadmium-adsorption models. Grown in medium supplied with 100 mg/L of cadmium, 3.29% of the cell-absorbed cadmium was accounted in the cytoplasm. However, only 1% was taken into the cytoplasm and 99% was bound to the cell wall using the lyophilized biomass to adsorb cadmium in double distilled water. Treatments with alkali, ethanol-chloroform and proteinase showed different influences on the biosorption of whole cells and isolated cell walls. FT-IR analysis showed that acetyl of chitin was the active compound in the cells to absorb cadmium. The production of Metallothioneins, proteins related to the resistance to heavy metal in yeast, was evidently induced by cadmium, achieving 638.8 μg/g wet weight, which was about 85 folds higher than that in the uninduced biomass and was also much higher than that reported previously. The molecular weight of Metallothioneins was 6500 Da estimated by SDS-PAGE.     

Limnology of Two Antarctic Epishelf Lakes and their Potential to Record Periods of Ice Shelf Loss

George VI Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula and its northern margin marks the southern most latitudinal limit of recent ice shelf retreat. As part of a project to reconstruct the long-term (Holocene) history of George VI Ice Shelf we studied two epishelf lakes impounded by the ice shelf at Ablation Point, on the east coast of Alexander Island. These lakes, Moutonnée and Ablation, are stratified water bodies with a lower marine layer and an upper freshwater layer. To determine if their sediment records could be used to detect past changes in the presence or absence of the ice shelf it was necessary to describe their present-day limnology and sedimentology. We measured water column chemistry and sampled the water column and sediments of the lakes along vertical and horizontal transects. We analysed these samples for diatoms, stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, δ¹³C_DIC, δ¹³C_org), geochemistry (TOC, TN, C/N ratios) and physical sedimentology (grain-size). This was supplemented by chemical and biological reference data from the catchments. Results showed that the water columns of both lakes are nutrient limited and deficient in phytoplankton. Benthic productivity is low and decreases with depth. Comparison of water column chemistry with an earlier survey shows a net increase in the thickness of the freshwater layer in Moutonnée Lake between 1973 and 2001, which could indicate that George VI Ice Shelf has thinned during this period. However, a similar trend was not observed in Ablation Lake (5 km to the north) and an alternative explanation is that the changes are a seasonal phenomena. Data from the surface sediment transects identified a number of proxies that respond to the present day stratification of the water column including diatom species composition, stable isotopes and geochemistry, particularly in Moutonnée Lake. Collectively these data have been used to develop a conceptual model for determining past ice shelf configuration in epishelf lakes. Specifically, periods of past ice shelf loss, and the removal of the ice dam, would see the present stratified epishelf lake replaced by a marine embayment. It is suggested that this change would leave a clear signature in the lake sediment record, notably the deposition of an exclusively marine biological assemblage, increased ice rafted debris and δ¹³C_org values that are indicative of marine derived organic matter. These authors contributed equally to this work     

金刚石薄壁工程钻在粉喷桩取芯施工中的应用

本文简述了金刚石薄壁工程钻在高速公路软路基处理的粉喷桩取芯中的使用效果,阐明了金刚石薄壁工程钻粉喷桩取芯是一种理想的方法,具有广阔的推广应用前景。