90年代太阳模型和太阳震荡研究进展(II):太阳振荡研究进展(英)

太阳振荡研究现已成为研究太阳内部性质的新手段,也成为检验太阳模型构造时输入物理参量的最重要工具。90年代以来理论与观测日震频率的差别已随输入物理参量及太阳振荡理论的改进而大为减小,可是现有的差别仍远大于观测误差。由日震反演可对太阳内部对流区、表面氦丰度及自转随纬度和径向的分布都有更多了解。太阳振荡的湍动随机激发及激发源的位置都已得到研究,不过现在问题还未完全解决。今后一方面要探测更多的振动方式,另一方面也需要解决不同观测者得到的结果存在系统差的问题,而最外层的非绝热现象及理论与观测存在差别仍是最关键的难题。     

轻质填充墙异型柱框架弹性阶段地震作用计算

本文在四个模型试验研究基础上，建立了轻质填充墙与异型柱框架共同工作的弹性动力计算模型，给出了结构弹性阶段地震作用的计算方法。     

加筋砂土作用在挡土墙上的土压力研究

以土的塑性极限分析理论和拱体理论为基础，结合挡土墙的长高比，提出了墙后砂土的两种三维破坏模式，并把两种模式与加筋相结合，求出了在加筋水平间距Sx和竖向间距Sx下作用在墙上主动土压力的上限解和设计的加筋长度。最后通过实例验证了本文的理论。     

节理化块体边坡失稳机理数值分析

针对三峡库区移民新址的工程地质问题，用改进的岩土工程软件系统FINAL，研究了节理化块体岩坡的失稳机理，指出除了节理的C，值控制岩块的滑移、倾覆变形，倾倒等破坏形式外，岩块的模量E也对倾覆变形破坏起重要作用，从而不仅说明了保护坡脚，防止岩块浸水软化的必要性，也说明了应用传统离散元法分析这类问题的局限性。     

挡土墙设计绘图系统的开发

介绍在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ系统下开发挡土设计绘图系统的原理，方法及实施过程，对程序设计技巧也作了讨论。     

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会亚洲区域大会学术研讨会概述

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）亚洲区域大会于１９９６年８月１～３日在中国唐山市举行。来自亚洲和南太平洋地区共２９个国家的代表出席了这次会议。大会收到来自４０个国家和地区的论文摘要２８４篇，其中大会宣读的为１５９篇，展示的７６篇。论文的内容涉及当今地震学与地球内部物理学的各个领域，包括地震前兆和地震预报、震源物理、强地面运动和地震危险性评价、地震波传播与层析成像、地热和火山，亚洲和南太平洋地区近期灾害性地震、地震构造与空间大地测量、板块俯冲过程、诱发地震以及地震的社会影响，等等。     

The mechanism of mine-collapse deduced from seismic observations

On May 2, 1993 more than 200 seismic events from an underground mine in Tyrol/Austria were recorded with short-period seismometers of a local seismic network which was introduced in the late 1980s to monitor the tectonic seismicity in Tyrol in greater detail. The cause of this series of mining-associated events has become the subject of intensive investigations — as it was associated with a subsidence affecting an area of 10.000 m². Underground observations revealed a number of discontinuities along which the rock mass was able to move. Seismic recordings of the close-by seismic stations revealed two types of mechanisms: One mechanism seems to be associated with pure block-sliding along several discontinuities, while other signals indicate additional collapse. The consideration and combination of several seismological principles made possible the construction of a model of the mine collapse.     

新疆内陆河流水质模型及模拟治理规划

将污水排放口污染物质的实测值与河流中同种物质的量，通过各河段推求的参数Ｋ１建立起数学关系，利用这种数学模型来预测和模拟河流各河段的各种污染物质量，这是当前流域水质管理和污染治理规划最经济适用的办法。     

Application of distinct element method in dynamic analysis of high rock slopes and blocky structures

Comprehensive studies on the dynamic behaviours of a high rock slope of the Three Gorges shiplock and a blocky arch structure are performed using the distinct element method (DEM). Some additional functions have been incorporated into the current DEM code, including a scheme of non-uniform seismic input on the boundaries and an improved triangular mesh generator for deformable elements. Parameters from the field and laboratory tests of the project are used in the analysis of the shiplock slope. Comparisons between the DEM results and the field measurements under the excavation unloading process are made and the good agreement obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of the DEM for predicting the deformation process of the slope. The above examples of the high rock slope and the blocky arch demonstrate that the effects of different earthquake input, input mechanism and parameters on the dynamic response behaviours and collapse pattern of the systems are significant.     

Geochemical trends of sequential lava flows from Meseta volcano, Guatemala

The Meseta and Fuego volcanoes closely overlap and collectively are known as the Fuego Volcanic Complex. Historic activity occurs exclusively at Fuego, the southern center, and consists of high-Al basalts. Meseta, the inactive northern center, is predominantly composed of basaltic andesites with minor basalt and andesite. A thick sequence of lava flows and dikes is exposed by a steep collapse escarpment on the east flank of Meseta. The upper 75% of the sequence was sampled from three interfingering stratigraphic sections consisting of 27, 10 and 4 lavas, respectively. Temporal geochemical trends of each section indicates a complex evolutionary history. A major trend toward more evolved compositions upward in the section is consistent with crystal fractionation. This trend is sharply interrupted by the youngest lavas which become distinctly more mafic in composition. Magma mixing is apparently the dominant magmatic evolution process that generated these lavas. The two trends have distinct Sr signatures that suggest a change in parental magma compositions. This abrupt change in composition is interpreted to signal high input rates of mafic magma into the subvolcanic magma chamber. These changes eventually led to sector collapse of Meseta volcano and deposition of the Escuintla debris avalanche. Eruptive activity then migrated to the Fuego volcano where historic activity is similar to that of Meseta immediately prior to its collapse.