天绘一号三线阵相机在轨几何参数精化

为了找到适合天绘一号卫星三线阵相机在轨几何精化的模型和算法,首先分析了外方位线元素误差在几何参数精化中的影响,然后通过对定姿数据的预处理,消除了其中含有的高频噪声,并用正弦函数补偿了卫星平台飞行过程中的低频抖动,为三线阵相机每个镜头设计了姿态角常差模型。此外,根据传统的附加参数模型,构建了直接以像素坐标为观测值的内方位元素模型,并使用单侧有控外推的方式,确定最佳的精化模型参数组合及求解策略。试验表明,采用本文的精化方案,利用合理分布的控制点,天绘一号能达到平面精度约1 GSD,高程精度约0.8 GSD。     

非量测数字相机实验室几何标定

非量测数字相机的几何标定,包括内方位元素和畸变的精确测定,直接影响其用于航空摄影测量的最终精度。本文研制出一套非量测数字相机实验室几何标定系统。该系统采用平行光管加星点板作为目标发生器,在测量出一组目标点在相机的CCD靶面上的像点坐标及对应的平行光线的入射角后,结合几何标定的数学模型,可以实现相机的高精度几何标定。采用佳能EOS 5D MarkⅡ和哈苏H3D两款典型的数字相机进行了试验与分析。试验结果验证了本文标定方法的正确性以及精度的可靠性。     

Wave motion over a breakwater system of a horizontal plate and a vertical porous wall

A two-dimensional analytical solution is presented to study the reflection and transmission of linear water waves propagating past a submerged horizontal plate and through a vertical porous wall. The velocity potential in each fluid domain is formulated using three sets of orthogonal eigenfunctions and the unknown coefficients are determined from the matching conditions. Wave elevations and hydrodynamic forces acting on the porous wall are computed. Reflection and transmission coefficients are presented to examine the performance of the breakwater system. The present analytical solutions are found in fairly good agreement with the available laboratory data. The results indicate that the plate length, the porous-effect, the gap between plate and porous wall, and the submerged depth of the plate all show a significant influence on the reflected and transmitted wave fields. It is also interesting to note that the submerged plate plays an important role in reducing the transmitted wave height, especially for long incident waves.     

Prediction of Static Strength of Tubular T and X Joints Subjected to Axial Compression

-The formulation of ring analogy method for the prediction of static strength (ductile collapse) of tubular T, X joints under axial compression based on the limit analysis of the ring with some assumptions is presented in this papaer. The regression formula for the effective length of the chord based on test results is established by means of the least square method. The results computed by the present semi-analytic formula are compared with previous results and test data. They are quite close to each other. The accuracy of the present formula depends on the reasonable selection of the effective length of the chord, which requires numerous test data.     

Effect of fluid column dynamics on longitudinal vibrations of an ultra deepwater riser covered by an orifice plug

The paper studies longitudinal vibrations of an ultra-deepwater drilling riser whose bottom end is disconnected from the sea floor and covered by a plug (a blind one or the one with a hole). An elastic shell is used as a model of a riser pipe. The fluid column motion in the riser is described by the Navier–Stokes equation for a compressible fluid. Losses of fluid pressure during its flowing through a hole in the plug are taken into account. Solution of the riser equations is carried out in the frequency domain. Analysis of the effect which the riser length, wave period and height, and the plug-hole diameter on the amplitude of the riser's tension vibrations is conducted. A riser manufactured of strong aluminium alloys, some of prospective materials for ultra deepwater drilling, was considered as a prototype. It has been shown that risers 2000–4000 m long, plug-hole, and a riser 6000 m long with plug-hole of 0.087 m in diameter can withstand wave height of >15 m throughout the frequency range.     

黄河水下三角洲土体失稳研究现状与展望

高分辨率声学调查结果表明,黄河水下三角洲上存在大量的不稳定地貌.总结了关于黄河水下三角洲海底土体的塌陷与滑坡2种失稳破坏的研究现状,指出目前对塌陷与滑坡机理研究的成果主要还是定性分析或推测,缺少理论计算分析和现场及室内的测试验证.     

近岸区直墙波浪力的模拟

在水槽中进行了几种不同坡度的斜坡平台上规则波作用下直墙波浪力试验，系统分析了直墙上相对最大压强和相对最大总力，给出了它们之间的比较关系。还进行了不同坡度的不规则波模型试验，并讨论了波浪力之间的特性。结果表明采用1：10、1：15的斜坡与平台相结合的试验室模拟，可得到与平底地形相近的直墙波浪力。     

Changes in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystem estimated by inverse modelling: Evidence of a fishery-induced regime shift?

Mass-balance models have been constructed using inverse methodology for the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence for the mid-1980s, the mid-1990s, and the early 2000s to describe ecosystem structure, trophic group interactions, and the effects of fishing and predation on the ecosystem for each time period. Our analyses indicate that the ecosystem structure shifted dramatically from one previously dominated by demersal (cod, redfish) and small-bodied forage (e.g., capelin, mackerel, herring, shrimp) species to one now dominated by small-bodied forage species. Overfishing removed a functional group in the late 1980s, large piscivorous fish (primarily cod and redfish), which has not recovered 14 years after the cessation of heavy fishing. This has left only marine mammals as top predators during the mid-1990s, and marine mammals and small Greenland halibut during the early 2000s. Predation by marine mammals on fish increased from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s while predation by large fish on fish decreased. Capelin and shrimp, the main prey in each period, showed an increase in biomass over the three periods. A switch in the main predators of capelin from cod to marine mammals occurred, while Greenland halibut progressively replaced cod as shrimp predators. Overfishing influenced community structure directly through preferential removal of larger-bodied fishes and indirectly through predation release because larger-bodied fishes exerted top-down control upon other community species or competed with other species for the same prey. Our modelling estimates showed that a change in predation structure or flows at the top of the trophic system led to changes in predation at all lower trophic levels in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. These changes represent a case of fishery-induced regime shift.     

Wave radiation by a uniform cylinder in front of a vertical wall

In this paper, an exact analytical method is developed for the problem of wave radiation by a uniform cylinder in front of a vertical wall. Based on the image principle, the hydrodynamic problem of a cylinder in front of a vertical wall is transformed into the equivalent problem of double cylinders in unbounded fluid domain. Consequently, an analytical method of eigenfunction expansion is adopted to calculate the radiation of the cylinder due to the motion in surge, sway, roll and pitch, respectively. Moreover, numerical analysis has been carried out in detail in order to discuss the influences of the distance between the cylinder and the vertical wall and water depth on the added mass and radiation damping of the cylinder. It is shown that added mass and damping of the cylinder in front of a vertical wall are evidently different from those in case of the cylinder in unbounded fluid domain from the numerical results. It is also found that the added mass and radiation damping oscillate with wave number, and the oscillating frequency increases with the increasing of the distance between the cylinder and the wall.