条形荷载下挡土墙主动土压力计算

考虑条形荷载对滑裂面倾角的影响,改进了库仑土压力理论的极限平衡方法,对条形荷载下的主动土压力进行研究,得到了条形荷载全部作用于土楔体上和被滑裂面截断两种情况下的土压力理论公式。当荷载为0时,该公式可退化到库仑理论。分析表明,在条形荷载被滑裂面截断时,主动滑裂面的倾角不仅与土体内摩擦角、墙土摩擦角、地面倾角等因素有关,而且还与条形荷载的大小和荷载离开墙背的距离有关,土压力系数K随荷载离墙顶水平距离的增大而减小,随荷载的增大而增大。     

人工抽水引起土洞扩展条件的分析

土洞的形成与扩展是产生覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的前提条件之一。为研究人工抽水引起的岩溶地面塌陷的机理,用解析法分析了土洞扩展的条件,提出了剥落力的概念,认为土洞的扩展条件是剥落力大于土体抗拉强度。土洞周边不同的点,受抽水引起的剥落力是不同的。随着土洞的不断扩大,剥落力增大。当土洞一旦开始向外围扩展,由于剥落力越来越大,土洞呈现发展趋势。     

Rapid rotation,active nests of convection and global-scale flows in solar-likestars

In the solar convection zone, rotation couples with intensely turbulent convection to build global-scale flows of differential rotation and meridional circulation. Our sun must have rotated more rapidly in its past, as is suggested by observations of many rapidly rotating young solar-type stars. Here we explore the effects of more rapid rotation on the patterns of convection in such stars and the global-scale flows which are self-consistently established. The convection in these systems is richly time dependent and in our most rapidly rotating suns a striking pattern of spatially localized convection emerges. Convection near the equator in these systems is dominated by one or two patches of locally enhanced convection, with nearly quiescent streaming flow in between at the highest rotation rates. These active nests of convection maintain a strong differential rotation despite their small size. The structure of differential rotation is similar in all of our more rapidly rotating suns, with fast equators and slower poles. We find that the total shear in differential rotation, as measured by latitudinal angular velocity contrast, ΔΩ, increases with more rapid rotation while the relative shear, ΔΩ/Ω, decreases. In contrast, at more rapid rotation the meridional circulations decrease in both energy and peak velocities and break into multiple cells of circulation in both radius and latitude. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Meridional circulation in the radiation zones of rotating stars: Origins,behaviors and consequences on stellar evolution

Stellar radiation zones are the seat of meridional currents. This circulation has a strong impact on the transport of angular momentum and the mixing of chemicals that modify the evolution of stars. First, we recall in details the dynamical processes that are taking place in differentially rotating stellar radiation zones and the assumptions which are adopted for their modelling in stellar evolution. Then, we present our new results of numerical simulations which allow us to follow in 2D the secular hydrodynamics of rotating stars, assuming that anisotropic turbulence enforces a shellular rotation law and taking into account the transport of angular momentum by internal gravity waves. The different behaviors of the meridional circulation in function of the type of stars which is studied are discussed with their physical origin and their consequences on the transport of angular momentum and of chemicals. Finally, we show how this work is leading to a dynamical vision of the evolution of rotating stars from their birth to their death. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

竖向预应力锚杆挡墙整治滑坡应用技术研究

结合河北省太行山区阜长公路滑坡整治工程,利用工程物探、地质钻探等综合勘察手段,分析了某小型滑坡的发生发展机理,明确了该滑坡属牵引-外扩式浅层碎石类滑坡。本着经济、技术可行的整治原则,提出了采用竖向预应力锚杆挡墙整治滑坡技术措施。该方法利用锚固于地基中的锚杆对墙体施加的竖向预应力平衡滑坡体的下滑力,以达到减少圬工,降低工程造价的目的。并详细分析了竖向预应力锚杆挡墙的设计思路,介绍了其施工工艺及技术要点。良好的整治效果表明了该方法的有效性,可为同类工程地质灾害整治提供技术支持。     

石英脉型金矿床的成矿流体研究及思考

石英脉型金矿是常见的金矿床类型.金主要以粒间金、裂隙金和包裹金3种形式赋存于石英、黄铁矿等金属硫化物中.目前了解此类金矿的成矿流体组成主要是通过石英中的流体包裹体成分的定量和定性分析结果,揭示矿床成因.但是野外和室内镜下的综合研究已证实,金矿的形成经历了若干个成矿阶段.每个阶段都有石英和金属硫化物形成,而石英要明显早于金属硫化物的结晶,同时金在硫化物中的存在形式多为包裹金和裂隙金,这至少说明金和硫化物同时结晶沉淀或金比硫化物更晚沉淀.因此,金运移沉淀结晶时的流体和石英结晶时的流体存在着明显的时间差,金矿化与黄铁矿等金属硫化物有着密切的联系.研究金属硫化物中的流体包裹体来反映主成矿阶段的成矿流体物质来源,比研究石英中的流体包裹体更具有实际的意义.     

兰州马兰黄土的物理力学特性

马兰黄土属水敏感性地质体,在水软化作用下,土体的物理力学与水理性质呈现出明显的规律性。采用不同的原位及室内试验方法,分别在兰州和荷兰尤怀特两地对兰州地区马兰黄土的工程地质性质进行了测试,系统研究了马兰黄土的物理力学特性。在大量黄土试验资料的基础上,对马兰黄土的工程地质特征进行了系统研究,重点论述了马兰黄土水敏感性和抗剪强度的变化规律,提出了马兰黄土的多项临界指标参数。     

爆破振动对双连拱隧道中墙的影响分析

在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下,双连拱隧道常采用双侧全断面法施工。通过对双连拱隧道施工过程中的爆破振动进行三维数值模拟分析,研究了双连拱隧道后行洞爆破施工对中墙的振动影响。结果表明：双连拱隧道后行洞爆破对中墙有较大影响,需采用相应的保护措施,来减小爆破振动对中墙的扰动,而临时支护将会被破坏。     

广西黎塘岩溶塌陷监测

黎塘是一个构造和岩溶发育的地区,抵抗岩溶地面塌陷的能力较低,在一定的条件触发下较容易产生岩溶地面塌陷。研究表明,岩溶地下水动力条件变化和湿化崩解作用是黎塘塌陷的主要影响和触发因素。本文采用现场实时监测岩溶地下水动态变化特征和室内试验相结合的方法,研究黎塘开发岩溶地下水的安全性。监测结果表明, I、II、II I监测区的最大水压变化速度分别为0. 048kPa /s、0. 160kPa /s和0. 007k Pa /s,小于临界变化速度0. 163kPa /s;最大水力坡降分别为0. 717、1. 052和0. 566,小于临界坡降7. 5。但是, I区满足临界水位埋深条件, 而II区和II I区则未满足临界水位埋深条件。因此,在目前的开采条件下, II 区、III区处于相对稳定状态, I区处于不稳定状态。这说明在发生大规模塌陷后,当地政府从2000年起对地下水开发方案的调整是适当的。