不同型式暗支撑短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

本文选取短肢剪力墙结构体系中较为薄弱的抗震构件“一”形短肢剪力墙，采用不同的暗支撑型式进行了两个1／2缩尺的带暗支撑短肢剪力墙构件的低周反复荷载试验，比较分析了它们的承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏机制，建立了其承载力计算模型与方法。计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计

建筑抗倒塌问题近年来在欧美国家得到广泛关注，并颁布了相关的设计规范和标准。我国还没有制定有关建筑抗倒塌方面的规范和标准。本文提出一种基于建筑危险性的钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计方法。该方法将钢筋混凝土建筑分为四类，通过设置拉杆连接系统和Alternate Path设计提高建筑抗倒塌能力。     

复合土钉支护结构中土钉设置的合理型式

采用非线性有限元方法,并借助正交试验原理,以支护最大水平位移为衡量目标,对复合土钉墙设计中的关键技术———土钉设置型式,包括倾角、间距、长度分布规律进行了合理性方面的研究。研究表明:将最长的土钉放于基坑中下部、保持较小的土钉间距和增大基坑中下部土钉倾角是复合土钉支护中土钉设置的最佳型式;在影响基坑变形敏感性程度上,土钉长度分布规律、间距、倾角依次降低。     

Installation of a vertical slurry wall around an Italian quarry lake: complications arising and simulation of the effects on groundwater flow

Slurry walls are non-structural barriers that are constructed underground to impede groundwater flow or manage groundwater control problems. The study area is in the Piemonte plain (Italy), close to the River Po. Quarrying works carried out below the piezometric surface created two big quarry lakes. The local groundwater system is characterized by a lower semi-confined aquifer, which is overlain by a semi-permeable bed of clayey peat (aquitard) and an upper unconfined aquifer. Locally, the peat fades away and the granulometry of this horizon becomes silty sandy. A planned enlargement of the quarry will increase the size and depth of the quarry lakes. So the aquitard bed between the two aquifers will be damaged, creating a mixing rate of groundwater. Such a procedure would not be compatible with the presence of two municipal wells upstream from the quarries. Consequently, the installation of a vertical diaphragm (slurry wall) is recommended to separate the aquifers and to act as a filter for the groundwater flowing from the unconfined to the semi-confined aquifer. To predict the consequences caused by the installation of the vertical diaphragm separating the unconfined aquifer and the semi-confined one, a specifically adjusted finite-difference model was used. The model showed a maximum rising of the water table equal to 12 cm, just upstream of the diaphragm and for a distance of about 100 m, and a maximum lowering of 2 cm just downstream of the diaphragm. However, the slurry wall would not cause any change in the piezometric head in the area where there are municipal wells and, hence, will not have any negative effect on the functionality of the municipal wells. Moreover, the migration of water from the unconfined aquifer through the vertical diaphragm will stimulate a series of attenuation and auto-depuration processes of eventual contaminants. These processes are due to the higher crossing time that the groundwater flow takes to go through the vertical barrier (t _a = 96.5 days, whereas for the horizontal semi-permeable layer t _a = 9.6 days). So, the vertical diaphragm can be a resolutive element, representing a mediation and separation factor between the unconfined and the semi-confined aquifers along the border of the quarrying areas, and a protective barrier for the water quality of the quarry lake and the semi-confined aquifer.     

枣庄岩溶塌陷形成条件及主要影响因素

近年来枣庄市岩溶塌陷频繁发生。通过野外地质调查、现场采样和室内试验相结合的综合手段,对该区的岩溶塌陷覆盖层进行系统地取样并进行深入细致的实验及分析,论述了覆盖层特征对该区岩溶塌陷的影响;运用宏观调查、细观测量和微观分析相结合的研究方法详细论述了地质构造对岩溶塌陷的影响;结合历年水文动态资料、地下水开采量等论述了地下水活动对岩溶塌陷影响。综合认为,地层岩性、覆盖层性质、构造因素是枣庄岩溶塌陷频繁发生的内因,而超量开采地下水则是外部诱发因素。     

Seismic Passive Earth Pressure Behind Non-vertical Retaining Wall Using Pseudo-dynamic Analysis

This paper shows a detailed study on the seismic passive earth pressure behind a non-vertical cantilever retaining wall using pseudo-dynamic analysis. A planar failure surface has been considered behind the retaining wall. The effects of soil friction angle, wall inclination, wall friction angle, horizontal and vertical earthquake acceleration on the passive earth pressure have been explored. Unlike the Mononobe–Okabe method, which incorporates pseudo-static analysis, the present analysis predicts a nonlinear variation of passive earth pressure along the wall. The results have been thoroughly compared with the existing values in the literature.     

Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method: Passive case

Prediction of the seismic rotational displacements of retaining wall under passive condition is an important aspect of design in earthquake prone region. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the rotational displacements of rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill under seismic loading for the passive earth pressure condition. The proposed method considers time, phase difference and effect of amplification in shear and primary waves propagating through both the backfill and the retaining wall. The influence of ground motion characteristics on rotational displacement of the wall is evaluated. Also the effects of variation of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, amplification factor, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, period of lateral shaking, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on the rotational displacements are studied. The rotational displacement of the wall increases substantially with increase in amplification of both shear and primary waves, time of input motion, period of lateral shaking and decreases with increase in soil friction angle, wall friction angle. The rotational displacements of the wall also increase when the effect of wall inertia is taken into account. Results are provided in graphical form.     

隧道开挖过程中的渗透变形问题分析——结合南京地区工程实例

本文从水文地质条件、土体结构和力学性质等方面分析了南京地区土层中隧道开挖所引起的渗透变形问题。经研究认为可通过控制所构筑地下防渗墙深度、厚度及质量来防止渗透变形。实践证明该方法是有效的。     

山东泰安岩溶水系统地下水化学环境演化

随着地表环境质量的降低以及岩溶地下水的过量开采 ,泰安市岩溶水化学环境在总体上呈现出显著退化的演化规律。自 6 0年代初以来 ,泰安市城区及旧县岩溶水的常规组分、NO-3 浓度、硬度及TDS的浓度呈现不断升高的变化趋势 ,并检出有Cr6+ 、CN-、酚等人为环境物质。水位降落漏斗区与非漏斗区、岩溶塌陷区与非岩溶塌陷区的岩溶水化学组分浓度的对比结果表明 :由于岩溶水的超量开采引起地下水动力场的改变和岩溶塌陷是控制和影响岩溶水化学环境演化的主要因素。人类活动在时间及空间尺度上与岩溶水化学环境的快速退化亦有密切的关系。     

供水管井允许出水量的合理确定

每一眼管井在井结构确定的条件下,有一个最大允许出水量,而盲目追求增大出水量,势必造成管井涌砂,过滤管腐蚀和堵塞的加剧。松散含水层供水管井允许出水量既要满足地下水允许开采量“宏观”定义要求,从供水管井使用寿命考虑又要满足管井两个流速参数:井壁允许进水流速和滤管允许进水流速。本文给出了管井允许出水量确定方法和计算框图,并以实例说明之,在具体应用时某些细节也予以了说明。