Pulsating Stars

Modern long-baseline interferometers are capable of resolving stellar diameters in the range of one to several milli-arcseconds with measurement precision approaching a few percent. This level of precision allows astronomers to directly resolve diameter changes associated with pulsation for various classesc of stars, including Cepheids and Miras. For several nearby Cepheids itis relatively straightforward to apply a Baade-Wesselink analysis and hence directly measure the distance to the Cepheid with a high degree of precision. This field is still quite new; I expect that in the near term several new interferometers will provide direct Cepheid distances to perhaps a few tens of Galactic Cepheids. However, equally important will be direct measurements of the atmospheric properties (in particular limb darkening) of these stars. Such measurements should help reduce the considerable systematic uncertainties that remain. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新一代S2FS终端控制软件

上海天文台佘山 2 5m观测站S2 -PT终端系统用于甚长基线干涉测量 (VLBI)实验。它在实验中按不同的模式将实验数据记录在录像带上。新一代S2FS控制软件使用一个观测纲要文件和一个过程控制文件在FS(FieldSystem)软件下控制S2终端系统     

A Simple Model Of Software Costs For The Square Kilometre Array

Software costs for radio telescopes have nearly always been underestimated. Since the Square Kilometre Array is often called a software telescope, repeating the usual error would be particularly egregious. We estimate software costs by scaling from the reasonably well-known costs for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. The resulting model has sharp dependency on the complexity of the SKA, suggesting the obvious – that software costs can most easily be limited by constraining the scientific and operational requirements. A bottom-up costing will not be possible until SKA is much more clearly defined. For the moment, we recommend that 20% of the SKA budget be allocated to software development.     

ENVISAT ScanSAR干涉数据处理研究

ScanSAR干涉测量是一种三维测高模式,而且ScanSAR模式也是SAR卫星的一种工作模式,且具有宽覆盖、大范围和重返周期短的优点。本文结合ScanSAR的工作原理及特点,分析了ScanSAR的成像算法,针对ScanSAR的数据处理的关键点,提出了采用分字条带处理的方法来剔除轨道误差,消弱拼接、大地水准面差距、大气效应的误差。在此基础上,使用GAMMA软件给出处理流程,然后通过对ENVISAT卫星的青藏高原宽幅数据的处理,进行实验对比,证明该方法的有效性,并为ScanSAR干涉测量的进一步研究提供了重要的科学参考。     

机载干涉SAR测绘制图应用系统研究

介绍我国机载干涉SAR系统及测绘应用概况,介绍机载干涉SAR生成DEM、SAR正射校正、地形引起的SAR后向散射畸变校正、机载SAR图像解译、雷达图像与光学影像的融合、雷达"空中三角测量"等关键技术研究进展.最后,介绍机载干涉SAR系统在泰山试验区的测绘制图实验情况.     

D-InSAR技术用于西安地区地面沉降监测的研究

InSAR技术是20世纪后期发展起来的一种新的测量方法,由于其具有能够实现全天时、全天候的对地观测,现已成为空间对地观测技术的研究热点。D-InSAR技术是在InSAR技术基础上发展起来的一种可以用来检测地面微小运动的新技术,其可以监测厘米级,甚至毫米级形变的精度。文中分析了D-InSAR技术用于形变监测中存在的误差及其减弱措施,并对该技术在西安地区的应用作了相应的分析。     

一种改进的星载干涉SAR复图像最大频谱配准算法

最大频谱法常用于星载干涉SAR复图像配准,但该方法计算量较大且易受噪声影响。本文提出一种改进的最大频谱配准算法。该方法利用chirp-z变换替换补零FFT变换,以相对较少的运算量达到较高的频谱峰值计算精度;通过设定合理的判决门限,判定控制点偏移量估计结果的可靠性,以便对位于不同区域的控制点自适应选取子图像截取窗口的长度,达到控制运算量的目的。利用该算法分别对来自ASAR和ERS-1/2的两对复图像进行验证,实验结果表明该算法可以有效实现配准,且比同条件下利用常规最大频谱算法得到的结果更加可靠。     

Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring subsidence induced by longwall mining activity using Radarsat-2, Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 data

This paper describes the simulation and real data analysis results from the recently launched SAR satellites, ALOS-2, Sentinel-1 and Radarsat-2 for the purpose of monitoring subsidence induced by longwall mining activity using satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR). Because of the enhancement of orbit control (pairs with shorter perpendicular baseline) from the new satellite SAR systems, the mine subsidence detection is now mainly constrained by the phase discontinuities due to large deformation and temporal decorrelation noise.This paper investigates the performance of the three satellite missions with different imaging modes for mapping longwall mine subsidence. The results show that the three satellites perform better than their predecessors. The simulation results show that the Sentinel-1A/B constellation is capable of mapping rapid mine subsidence, especially the Sentinel-1A/B constellation with stripmap (SM) mode. Unfortunately, the Sentinel-1A/B SM data are not available in most cases and hence real data analysis cannot be conducted in this study. Despite the Sentinel-1A/B SM data, the simulation and real data analysis suggest that ALOS-2 is best suited for mapping mine subsidence amongst the three missions. Although not investigated in this study, the X-band satellites TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed with short temporal baseline and high spatial resolution can be comparable with the performance of the Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1 C-band data over the dry surface with sparse vegetation.The potential of the recently launched satellites (e.g. ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1A/B) for mapping longwall mine subsidence is expected to be better than the results of this study, if the data acquired from the ideal acquisition modes are available.     

Land subsidence under different land use in the eastern Beijing plain,China 2005-2013 revealed by InSAR timeseries analysis

Land subsidence has been occurring in Beijing since the 1970s. Five major land subsidence areas have been formed: Dongbalizhuang–Dajiaoting, Laiguangying, Changping Shahe–Ba Xianzhuang, Daxing Yufa–Lixian, and Shunyi–Ping Gezhuang. In this paper, we studied on land subsidence in Dongbalizhuang–Dajiaoting and Laiguangying using small baseline subset interferometry and interferometric point target methods of 47 ENVISAT ASAR and 29 RADARSAT-2 data. The results showed that the degree of land subsidence in these areas varied significantly. The mean land subsidence rate ranged from 143.43 to 8.2 mm/a and from 132.11 to 7.3 mm/a during 2005–2010 and 2011–2013, respectively. We correlated the observed settlement with the land use (agricultural, residential, and industrial). Displacement in the agricultural areas was greater than that in the other areas from 2005 to 2013. Moreover, we compared the observed deformation and the groundwater level in phreatic and confined aquifers. There was a strong correlation between ground subsidence and the groundwater level and the ground settlement increased with a decrease in the groundwater level and the maximum correlation coefficient can reach 0.525. Furthermore, subsidence appeared to be associated with compressible deposits, suggesting that for 90–210-m thick compressible deposits, ground settlement is more likely to occur as the thickness of the compressible layer increases.     

干涉波场重建衰减OBC层间多次波

由于OBC(ocean bottom cable)数据的采集方式为接收电缆铺设在海底,炮点在海面,常规的层间多次波压制方法不再适用,这给实际数据的处理带来了巨大的困难。本文利用地震波场干涉重建方法,对采集到的OBC数据进行波场重建,得到炮点和检波点都位于海底的虚拟炮集记录,与常规的在地表激发、地表接收的炮集一样,把OBC数据的层间多次波转化成常规的表面相关多次波和层间多次波,再进行预测。将其结果与共聚焦点(CFP)边界算法去除层间多次波的结果进行了对比,体现干涉重建技术在OBC数据层间多次波预测方面的准确性。