差分干涉测量（D—InSAR）技术在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用

收集了2008年12月至2009年7月的6景覆盖济宁某矿区ENVISATASAR数据,利用差分干涉测量技术进行矿区地面沉降监测应用研究。通过“双轨法”和“三轨法”,进行差分干涉处理,提取了差分干涉图、增强干涉图、相干图和地面形变图。并且对测量处理结果进行了分析和讨论,从而验证了差分干涉测量技术在矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

VLBI观测资料解算地球自转参数精度分析

为分析VLBI观测资料解算地球自转参数的精度,根据VLBI观测原理及其误差方程,分别利用2020年VLBI观测数据及CONT17连续加密观测的XA、XB两种频率通道数据解算地球自转参数,并以EOP14 C04序列作为计算外符合精度的参考序列。结果表明,VLBI观测数据解算地球自转参数各分量的外符合精度均能满足高精度要求,比较解算结果与同时段GPS连续数据的解算结果发现,两者精度总体处于同一水平;CONT17观测的XA、XB两种频率通道数据解算极移时精度相当,但前者在稳定性及解算UT1-UTC序列精度上具有较大优势。     

The binary system 53 Cam

The orbital elements of the spectroscopic binary 53 Cam were revised using 136 radial velocity measurements. The positions in the vicinity of the periastron predicted for the secondary under the assumption of the spectroscopic orbital elements do not agree with those found by speckle interferometric observations. Nevertheless, we try to estimate the mass of the secondary and the dimensions of the binary system.     

2015年塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的InSAR观测及其构造意义

利用欧空局提供的Sentinel-1A卫星差分干涉数据为约束,对2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的震源机制进行反演。首先运用两轨法对卫星雷达影像进行差分干涉处理,获取覆盖塔吉克斯坦地震震区的同震形变场,然后运用分布式滑动模型反演获取较精细的断层滑动分布。结果显示,分布式滑动模型与观测结果有很高的拟合度。反演结果表明,发震断层以左旋走滑运动为主,此次地震断层的最大滑移量为4.42 m,同震的地震矩为73.71×1018 Nm,矩震级为MW7.19,与震后USGS、GCMT、IPGP等机构给出的震源机制解结果一致,是在具有左旋走滑运动特征的显著构造背景下的一次正常、必然的破裂事件。     

3D seismic residual statics solutions derived from refraction interferometry

We apply interferometric theory to solve a three‐dimensional seismic residual statics problem to improve reflection imaging. The approach calculates the static solutions without picking the first arrivals from the shot or receiver gathers. The static correction accuracy can be significantly improved by utilising stacked virtual refraction gathers in the calculations. Shots and receivers may be placed at any position in a three‐dimensional seismic land survey. Therefore, it is difficult to determine stationary shots and receivers to form the virtual refraction traces that have identical arrival times, as in a two‐dimensional scenario. To overcome this problem, we use a three‐dimensional super‐virtual interferometry method for residual static calculations. The virtual refraction for a stationary shot/receiver pair is obtained via an integral along the receiver/shot lines, which does not require knowledge of the stationary locations. We pick the maximum energy times on the interferometric stacks and solve a set of linear equations to derive reliable residual static solutions. We further apply the approach to both synthetic and real data.     

基于超级混合虚折射干涉法的阵列声波处理方法及其在套管井中的应用

在声学测井勘探时,复杂多变的测井条件(如胶结不好的套管井和随钻测井等)下的强直达干扰信号会导致地层信号的信噪比降低,使得地层有用信号的提取十分困难.本文在超级虚折射法的基础上,利用声源与接收器的互易原理,对原始波场信号进行互相关和褶积重建,并对所有可能的位形产生的信号进行叠加,将该叠加波场与超级虚折射波场进行叠加,重构出超级混合虚折射波场,使不同接收器上的折射波信噪比在超级虚折射的基础上进一步得到提高,显著提高了有用信号的信噪比,同时解决了超级虚折射近场能量不足的问题.套管井测井的理论模拟及实际处理表明,该方法可以很好地压制套管波信号、提高地层信号的信噪比.     

Monitoring fluid substitution in rock samples from noise correlation

An alternative laboratory technique to measure the elastic constants of solid samples, based on the analysis of the cross‐correlation spectra of the vibratory response of randomly excited short solid cylinders, has been recently proposed. The aim of this paper is to check the ability of the technique called passive ultrasonic interferometry to monitor fluid substitution in different rock samples. Velocity variations due to fluid substitution are easily measured if the wave attenuation in the fluid‐saturated rock is not too large (typically in rocks with few cracks or microfractures). The experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of Biot–Gassmann poroelastic theory. The effect of substituting water with a stiffer saturating fluid, such as ethylene glycol, is to increase the overall bulk modulus of the rock, without any substantial effect on shear modulus. Furthermore, the experimental results compare well with those obtained independently with conventional pulse‐transmission technique using ultrasonic transducers. However, the measured pulse‐transmission bulk moduli are slightly larger than the corresponding measured ultrasonic interferometry moduli, with the deviation increasing with increasing fluid viscosity. This can be explained by dispersion due to wave‐induced flow of the viscous fluid since pulse‐transmission experiments involve higher frequencies than ultrasonic interferometry experiments.     

震源因素对尾波干涉提取经验格林函数的影响

尾波干涉提取经验格林函数作为现今地震学一项重要的研究,其受震源因素的影响值得细致地探讨.本文通过模拟和实际数据的尾波干涉,系统性讨论了震源倾角、方位角和走向以及震中分布对于提取经验格林函数（主要是PKIKP²和PKⅡKP²震相）的影响.我们发现PKIKP²震相的平均信噪比随倾角的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,并在倾角约为45°时达到最大.基于稳相点分析,本文认为这种变化趋势是因为提取的PKIKP²震相主要贡献来源于近乎径向方向,而倾角为45°的倾滑型断层事件辐射出的P波能量在径向上最大.此外,断层走向对尾波干涉提取Rayleigh面波并无明显影响,而方位角的影响非常显著.当事件近似在台站对的大圆弧上时,尾波干涉才能提取清晰的Rayleigh面波,这与面波稳相区的空间分布一致.对于PKIKP²和PKⅡKP²震相,只有当事件分布与台站对大圆弧近垂直并且事件断层走向与线状台阵近平行时,才能提取清晰的波形.通过计算不同事件和台站分布的震源辐射能量,上述方位角和走向最有利于地核震相的提取.最后,震中分布对尾波干涉提取PKIKP²震相也有一定的影响：当震中与地心连线和PKIKP²震相射线路径之间的锐角夹角越小,并且震中距越小时,提取的地核震相的信噪比越高.     

Body-wave passive seismic interferometry revisited: mining exploration using the body waves of local microearthquakes

As the global need for mineral resources is constantly rising and the exploitable concentrations of these resources tend to become increasingly complex to explore and exploit, the mining industry is in a constant quest for innovative and cost-effective exploration solutions. In this context, and in the framework of the Smart Exploration action, an integrated passive seismic survey was launched in the Gerolekas bauxite mining site in Central Greece. A passive seismic network, consisting of 129 three-component short-period stations was installed and operated continuously for 4 months. The acquired data permitted detection of approximately 1000 microearthquakes of very small magnitude (duration magnitude ranging between –1.5 and 2.0), located within or at a very close distance from the study area. We use this microseismicity as input for the application of passive seismic interferometry for reflection retrieval, using the body waves (P- and S-wave coda) of the located microearthquakes. We retrieve by autocorrelation zero-offset virtual reflection responses, per component, below each of the recording stations. We process the acquired results using reflection processing techniques to obtain zero-offset time and depth sections, both for P- and for S-waves. In the context of the present work, we evaluate one of the acquired depth sections, using an existing seismic line passing through the Gerolekas passive seismic network, and we perform forward modelling to assess the quality and value of the acquired results. We confirm that passive seismic reflected-wave interferometry could constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly innovative exploration alternative, especially in cases of difficult exploration settings.     

基于低频信息补偿的数据驱动Marchenko成像

基于常规地震干涉法和地震超越干涉法,提出了SI和BSI的结合方法SIBSI,即在SI被动源低频信息提取的基础上,重构主动源BSI地震数据,并利用BSI进行格林函数重构和面向目标的Marchenko成像.研究了基于频率优势的主动源低频重构方法,在完整保留了主动源信号高频信息的基础上,有效重构了低频信息,拓宽了地震数据的频带范围.讨论了含有自由表面多次波的地震数据在Marchenko成像中应用的方法.设计了一个含有高阻抗地层的模型,在该模型上使用SI低频信息重构BSI主动源地震数据,最后与纯主动源地震数据的格林函数重构和Marchenko成像进行了对比,证明了本文所提出方法的有效性、抗噪性以及在提高成像效果中的优势.