基于SAR相干系数图像的城市边界提取

相干系数图像对SAR散射体特性的变化十分敏感,对于城区表面特殊物理结构的探测、城市演化和灾害评估等有研究价值。采用豫北地区时间基线为70 d的ENVISAT ASAR雷达干涉相干系数图像,通过分析相干系数图像遥感物理特征,采用二值化、滤波去噪、连接外边界、区域填充、人工干预去噪、边界修整等一系列图像处理方法,最终用MATLAB软件的边界提取函数和算子提取出豫北地区8个县市的最外边界。经过与光学影像分类结果对比,吻合度较好。     

Research on 3D marine electromagnetic interferometry with synthetic sources for suppressing the airwave interference

In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic （CSEM） data, we propose a 3D deconvolution （3DD） interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient （RAC） of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.     

Seismic interferometry and estimation of the Green's function using Gaussian beams

This study investigates seismic interferometry in which the Green's function is estimated between two receivers by cross-correlation and integration over sources.For smoothly varying source strengths,the dominant contributions of the correlation integral come from the stationary phase directions in the forward and backward directions from the alignment of the two receivers.Gaussian beams can be used to evaluate the correlation integral and concentrate the amplitudes in a vicinity of the stationary phase regions instead of completely relying on phase interference.Several numerical examples are shown to illustrate how this process works.The use of Gaussian beams for the evaluation of the correlation integral results in stable estimates,and also provides physical insight into the estimation of the Green's function based on seismic interferometry.     

Comparison of four techniques for estimating temporal change of seismic velocity with passive image interferometry

Passive image interferometry (PII) is becoming a powerful tool for detecting the temporal variations in the Earth's structure,which applies coda wave interferometry to the waveforms from the cross-correlation of seismic ambient noise.There are four techniques for estimating temporal change of seismic velocity with PII:moving-window cross-correlation technique (MWCCT),moving-window cross-spectrum technique (MWCST),stretching technique (ST) and moving-window stretching technique (MWST).In this paper,we use the continuous seismic records from a typical station pair near the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake fault zone and generate three sets of waveforms by stacking cross-correlation function of ambient noise with different numbers of days,and then apply four techniques to processing the three sets of waveforms and compare their results.Our results indicate that the techniques based on moving-window (MWCCT,MWCST and MWST) are superior in detecting the change of seismic velocity,and the MWCST can give a better estimate of velocity change than the other moving-window techniques due to measurement error.We also investigate the clock errors and their influences on measuring velocity change.We find that when the clock errors are not very large,they have limited impact on the estimate of the velocity change with the moving-window techniques.     

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Coseismic slip model of the 2007 August Pisco earthquake (Peru) as constrained by Wide Swath radar observations

The Pisco earthquake ( M _w 8.0; 2007 August 15) occurred offshore of Peru's southern coast at the subduction interface between the Nazca and South American plates. It ruptured a previously identified seismic gap along the Peruvian margin. We use Wide Swath InSAR observations acquired by the Envisat satellite in descending and ascending orbits to constrain coseismic slip distribution of this subduction earthquake. The data show movement of the coastal regions by as much as 85 cm in the line-of-sight of the satellite. Distributed-slip model indicates that the coseismic slip reaches values of about 5.5 m at a depth of ∼18–20 km. The slip is confined to less than 40 km depth, with most of the moment release located on the shallow parts of the interface above 30 km depth. The region with maximum coseismic slip in the InSAR model is located offshore, close to the seismic moment centroid location. The geodetic estimate of seismic moment is 1.23 × 10²¹ Nm ( M _w 8.06), consistent with seismic estimates. The slip model inferred from the InSAR observations suggests that the Pisco earthquake ruptured only a portion of the seismic gap zone in Peru between 13.5° S and 14.5° S, hence there is still a significant seismic gap to the south of the 2007 event that has not experienced a large earthquake since at least 1687.     

提取地震同震形变场特征的最佳雷达波段问题研究

利用弹性形变模型, 并以走滑型断层为例, 对地震同震形变场进行了模拟研究。 结合雷达成像几何关系, 得到干涉雷达的LOS向形变场以及干涉相位条纹图像。 对比分析了不同雷达波段(X波、 C波、 L波)以及不同雷达入射角(30°和50°)的同震形变场和干涉相位图。 结果表明, 同一雷达波段不同雷达入射角的LOS向形变场会有不同的效果, 入射角逐渐增大时, LOS向形变量随之增大, 体现了发震断层走滑特征; 采用不同雷达入射角, 其探测到的地表形变垂向分量和水平分量信息量不同, 表明入射角较大或较小时能够分别较好地对地表形变的水平变化和垂向变化进行监测; 同一雷达入射角, 不同雷达波段的干涉相位条纹有明显区别, 波长越短, 干涉条纹越密集, 容易出现去相关现象, 长波长的干涉相位条纹比较清晰。 从某种意义上讲, 尽管长波长的干涉相位反映地表形变信息的细节会减少, 但受噪声影响较小, 抗干扰性能较短波长的强, 干涉像对相干性高。 地表形变表现为长期缓慢的小幅度渐变性形态, 也表现为短期迅速的大面积突发性形态。 不同雷达波长探测到的地表形变有效信息不同, 为了更好地利用干涉雷达对各种尺度和不同变化速率的地表形变进行监测, 需要在满足精度的条件下尽可能地选择波长较长及多样化的雷达数据。     

Observations of circumstellar disks with infrared interferometry

The study of circumstellar disks around young stellar objects is arguably the area of astrophysics on which the technique of infrared interferometry has had the biggest impact. Here I will review the existing set of observations in this field, concentrating on disks but also including jets/winds and stellar properties. At the end, there is a brief discussion of how ongoing technical developments and observational improvements will expand the impact of infrared interferometry on the study of star formation.     

地震干涉测量法近地表散射波分离技术

针对山地地震勘探数据低信噪比问题,近地表散射波分离意义显得尤为突出,地震干涉测量法为此提供了一种技术手段.本文将地震干涉测量理论和散射理论结合起来,导出了近地表散射波地震干涉测量表达式,分为互相关型和褶积型表达式,它们由实际波场和背景波场干涉测量构成.根据近地表散射波分离理论,结合陆上地震勘探实际观测系统,采用褶积和反褶积混合型地震干涉测量配置,用实际地震资料展示了近地表散射波分离技术的应用效果.经过理论分析和砾石区实际资料试验,表明地震干涉测量不仅能分离测线上散射源产生的散射波,而且能分离部分侧面散射波.该技术的优点在于它适应于起伏地形和不均匀近地表结构,并且不需要起伏地形和近地表速度信息.为了从实际资料中消除近地表散射波,本文采用多道匹配滤波自适应减法,在砾石区见到较好效果.     

地基雷达干涉测量技术在滑坡灾后稳定性评估中的应用

针对2014-09-01大树场镇大面积山体滑坡灾后稳定性,从IBIS-L地基雷达形变测量原理和关键技术(步进频率连续波和合成孔径雷达)入手,给出地基InSAR数据处理流程,获得了滑坡灾后高精度、高时空分辨率的形变演化特征,测量精度达到亚mm级。地基InSAR结果表明,滑坡体滑动幅度较大的区域位于滑坡体左侧中上部(120mm)和右侧中上部(75mm)。滑动主要由堆积松散土在裂隙水、雨水等作用下造成,产生较大次生灾害的可能性较小。