Phase-reference mapping of a weak-cored double-lobed source in the 1636+473 system using MERLIN and Global VLBI

We present maps and astrometric results from first epoch, simultaneous MERLIN and Global VLBI observations of the very weak core of a double-lobed radio source, using as reference the bright, compact, flat-spectrum quasar 1636+473 A, 20 arcsec away. The observations were made in May 1995 at 5 GHz. The phase-referenced VLBI map of the weak core, of resolution 1.5 mas, contains a high percentage of the core flux density seen in the MERLIN map. Further hybrid mapping iterations reveal a faint, one-sided core extension on the same side as the MERLIN jet. We explore the effect of both temporal and other coherence losses on the phase-reference map. We relate our results to the structural asymmetry in weak AGN cores within the context of unification models.     

The study on automatic registration of InSAR images

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) allows production of high resolution DEM and detection of small earth motions using multiple pass SAR data sets obtained by remote sensing satellite. But the whole process has not yet reached sufficient robustness to warrant automated DEM production as commonly produced by stereovision with optical images. The automatic algorithm for precision registration is one of the bottlenecks in InSAR data processing. In this paper, an automatic approach with multi-step image matching algorithm is presented. All procedures are automatically implemented. The experiment is carried out successfully with SIR-C/L-band InSAR data. The triangular piecewise rectification is also advanced in reducing local distortion between the images and processing the large scene image. The primary result has prospect in the precision registration for the repeat-track InSAR data and reveals the potential of the presented automatic strategy.     

InSAR与激光雷达测高集成的马兰山冰川物质平衡变化

冰川物质平衡是反映冰川消融与积累关系的重要指标,也是联系冰川与气候变化的纽带,对于评估冰川动态变化具有十分重要的意义。马兰山冰川位于青藏高原北部,作为东昆仑山系中消融最为剧烈的冰川之一,为了评估其在全球气候变暖背景下的物质平衡变化,利用TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X合成孔径雷达数据、ICESat-2激光雷达高度计数据、SRTM DEM数据,基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量和激光雷达测高技术对其2000年—2020年高程变化进行了研究,并估算了物质平衡。结果表明：近20年来,该区域41条冰川平均表面高程变化-5.64±0.96 m,物质平衡为-0.24±0.06 m·w·e/a,呈明显负平衡状态。其中,2000年—2012年冰川的消融速度（-0.30±0.04 m·w·e/a）要略快于2012年—2020年消融速度（-0.22±0.11 m·w·e/a）。结合GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre)降水与GHCN＿CAMS (Global Historical Climatology Network)气温再分析数据集可知：自2000年以...     

几种卫星合成孔径雷达影像配准算法的比较研究

复数影像配准是卫星合成孔径雷达干涉数据处理中的重要步骤之一,影像配准精度将直接影响干涉条纹图的质量和由此提取的高程或位移结果的精度。文中利用上海地区ERS-1/2影像数据进行实验,对比分析了三种方法的配准质量和运算效率,试验结果表明:在配准质量方面,相干系数法最高,相位差影像平均波动函数法次之;而在信噪比较低的情况下,最大频谱法的配准质量优于相位差影像平均波动函数法。在运算效率方面,相位差影像平均波动函数法的运算效率最高。     

Spatial interferometry in the mid-infrared region

The potential of high-resolution spatial interferometry for detailed mapping and precision astrometry in the mid-infrared region, somewhat analogous to interferometry now done in the microwave region, is discussed from an instrumental point of view. Some results from a prototype system and from tests of atmospheric properties are given. The design of a more advanced two-telescope system now under construction is outlined. This involves movable telescopes of 1.65 m aperture and of high precision, using heterodyne detection of infrared in the 10 Μm atmospheric window.     

多基线极化干涉SAR植被高度反演方法

针对传统单基线PolInSAR三阶段植被高度算法,反演易受到噪声因素影响导致反演结果精度较低等问题。文中采用几何结构最优法和高程精度最优法两种多基线PolInSAR植被高度反演方法,结合瑞典北部E-SARP波段数据,验证得出两种多基线算法植被高度反演的精度以及其在不同植被高度覆盖区的适用条件。实验结果表明两种多基线方法植被高度反演精度相对传统单基线算法分别提高44.05%和22.11%,且当两种多基线方法同时反演植被高度时,植被高度大于10m时采用几何结构最优法较好;植被高度小于10m时采用高程精度最优法。     

高相干点地基InSAR的大气延迟纠正

针对目前地基合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术中大气影响造成的相位延迟校正方法存在的校正精度低、方法复杂、技术要求高等不足,提出了一种基于高相干点的地基InSAR大气延迟相位函数模型校正方案。该方案不需多幅SAR影像,不需人工布点,节省了大量人力物力。以高相干点的相干值作为权阵参与计算,该方法可得到更精确的校正结果。运用该方法将地基雷达对山西省吕梁市林家坪工程滑坡获取的数据进行大气延迟改正的实验。结果表明:所提方案不仅处理方法简单,改正效果明显,而且能满足绝大多数类似工程的精度要求,更为经济实用。     

Ground Surface Ruptures and Near‐Fault,Large‐Scale Displacements Caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake Derived from Pixel Offset Tracking on Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake produced surface displacements along the causative fault, the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault, which are up to several meters near the fault. Because of the large gradient, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric data are strongly incoherent; the usual SAR interferometry method does not allow such displacements to be measured. In the present study, we employed another approach, the technique based on pixel offset tracking, to solve this problem. The used image data of six tracks are from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/ PALSAR) dataset of Japan. The results show that the entire surface rupture belt is 238 km long, extending almost linearly in a direction of 42° north–east. It is offset left laterally by a north–west-striking fault at Xiaoyudong, and turns at Gaochuan, where the rupture belt shifts toward the south by 5 km, largely keeping the original trend. In terms of the features of the rupture traces, the rupture belt can be divided into five sections and three types. Among them, the Beichuan–Chaping and Hongkou–Yingxiu sections are relatively complex, with large widths and variable traces along the trend. The Pingtong–Nanba and Qingping–Jingtang sections appear uniform, characterized by straight traces and small widths. West of Yingxiu, the rupture traces are not clear. North of the rupture belt, surface displacements are 2.95 m on average, mostly 2–3.5 m, with 7–9 m the maximum near Beichuan. South of the rupture belt, the average displacement is 1.75 m, dominated by 1–2 m, with 3–4 m at a few sites. In the north, the displacements in the radar line of sight are of subsidence, and in the south, they are uplifted, in accordance with a right-slip motion that moves the northern wall of the fault to the east, and the southern wall to the west, respectively. Along the Guanxian–Jiangyou Fault, there is a uplift zone in the radar line of sight, which is 66 km long, 1.5–6 km wide, and has vertical displacements of approximately 2 m, but no observable rupture traces.     

新型重力测量技术及其在导航和重力测量中的应用

本文主要介绍了利用国际上新近发展起来的原子干涉测量技术。利用这项技术可以实现现有加速度计、陀螺仪、重力测量仪和重力梯度仪的革命性变化,大幅提高这些仪器的稳定性和精度。理论分析表明至少可以在现有重力仪基础上使灵敏度提高1000倍。论文最后还讨论了这些技术在导航和工程探测中的应用前景。