塔中地区良里塔格组海平面变化对高频层序和沉积演化的控制

【研究目的】碳酸盐岩地层易受海平面变化影响而发育高频层序,但是反映海平面变化的地化指标的精度不足,导致高频层序对海平面振荡的响应认识不够深入,高频海平面变化对台地边缘礁滩沉积的高频层序和沉积演化的控制尚不明确。【研究方法】论文研究选取塔里木盆地塔中地区某钻井的上奥陶统良里塔格组连续取心资料,通过密集取样开展微相分析和碳、氧同位素测试分析。【研究结果】该井良里塔格组中上部发育7种微相类型,沉积演化分析表明良里塔格组沉积中—晚期,沉积环境由潮坪向生物礁-颗粒滩再到较深水的开阔台地演化。碳、氧同位素测试显示δ¹³C为0.5993‰~1.6228‰（均值1.139‰）,δ¹⁸O值为-8.3608‰~-5.1452‰（均值为-6.790‰）;δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O的振荡变化与微相变化和沉积旋回对应良好。古海洋条件分析表明,良里塔格组沉积时期气候温热,礁、滩体发育层段样品的古温度值最高,代表着高的碳酸盐产率;Z值所反映的古盐度在底部潮坪沉积段最高,在高频旋回的顶部古盐度均明显减小,指示可能存在大气淡水的影响。与塔北地区南缘和巴楚地区的δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O存在一定差异,主要受控于沉积环境和古水深。【结论】良里塔格组中—上部存在至少3个完整的海平面升降变化周期,内部又包括至少2个次级周期;不同级别的海平面振荡主要受古气候变化驱动,并控制了高频层序的发育。海平面先缓慢上升再持续稳定或小规模振荡,是连续厚层的生物碎屑和砂屑颗粒滩沉积发育的有利条件;良里塔格组沉积晚期海平面快速上升,沉积环境向滩间洼地和较深水的开阔台地转变。在高频层序顶部海平面的小规模下降导致的早期岩溶作用是礁滩体储层质量改善的重要因素。     

祁连山北麓祁青地区河流阶地沉积特征及成因

对祁连山北麓祁青地区河流阶地进行野外测量和调查,获得了北大河、朱陇关河、小柳沟河阶地的拔河高度、结构、发育及沉积特征等资料。探讨了祁青地区河流阶地类型,为进一步研究北祁连河流阶地的发育成因及对古气候的沉积响应提供了科学依据。分析得出该地区河流阶地发育有基座阶地T4,堆积阶地T3、T2、T1,其年龄分别为70.00、30.00、10.78、5.77 ka BP。结合古构造运动、古气候环境以及对阶地沉积特征的观察,认为基座阶地T4主要受白杨河运动形成,而堆积阶地T3、T2、T1主要受气候变化的影响。     

Monitoring land changes in an urban area using satellite imagery,GIS and landscape metrics

Monitoring land changes is an important activity in landscape planning and resource management. In this study, we analyze urban land changes in Atlanta metropolitan area through the combined use of satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), and landscape metrics. The study site is a fast-growing large metropolis in the United States, which contains a mosaic of complex landscape types. Our method consisted of two major components: remote sensing-based land classification and GIS-based land change analysis. Specifically, we adopted a stratified image classification strategy combined with a GIS-based spatial reclassification procedure to map land classes from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired in two different years. Then, we analyzed the spatial variation and expansion of urban land changes across the entire metropolitan area through post classification change detection and a variety of GIS-based operations. We further examined the size, pattern, and nature of land changes using landscape metrics to examine the size, pattern, and nature of land changes. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of integrating remote sensing with GIS and landscape metrics in land change analysis that allows the characterization of spatial patterns and helps reveal the underlying processes of urban land changes. Our results indicate a transition of urbanization patterns in the study site with a limited outward expansion despite the dominant suburbanization process.     

Land desertification and restoration in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterized by high population growth, degraded and fragile nat-ural ecosystems, and a limited amount of arable lands. It is one of the most water-sc...     

基于遥感技术的近30年中亚地区主要湖泊变化

在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究中亚干旱半干旱地区主要湖泊的变化不仅对内陆水资源管理和可持续发展有着重要意义,也为进一步研究湖泊变化对气候变化和人类活动的响应提供基础。获取1978年MSS、1989年TM、1998年TM及2010年ETM的同季相4期遥感图像数据,通过人工解译提取中亚地区7个湖泊信息,获得近30 a的湖泊面积变化;利用T/P和Envisat雷达高度计提取1992—2012年的湖泊水位信息;基于湖泊面积和水位的时空变化特征分析了湖泊变化的影响因素。结果表明:近30 a来,由于湖泊类型的不同,除萨雷卡梅什湖外的其他6个湖泊均出现不同程度的面积缩减;其中,平原尾闾湖面积变化最显著,高山封闭湖相对平稳,吞吐湖泊的面积变化相对复杂;湖泊的水位变化模式因流域和湖泊类型而异;高山封闭湖泊受气候的影响较大,而吞吐湖泊受人为因素影响显著。     

Transition of Zonal Asymmetry of the Arctic Oscillation and the Antarctic Oscillation at the End of 1970s

In this study,the interdecadal changes in the zonal symmetry of both Arctic Oscillation(AO) and Antarctic Oscillation(AAO) were analyzed.To describe the zonal asymmetry,a local index of AO and AAO was defined using the normalized sea level pressure(SLP) differences between 40° and 65°(latitudes) in both hemispheres.The zonal covariability of local AO and AAO can well represent the zonal symmetry of AO and AAO.Results show that the zonal asymmetry of both AO and AAO significantly changed in the late 1970s.AO was less asymmetric in the zonal direction in the boreal winter season during the latter period,while in the boreal summer it became more asymmetric after 1979.The zonal symmetry of AAO in both austral summer and winter has also significantly decreased since the late 1970s.These changes may imply interdecadal transition in the atmospheric circulation at middle and high latitudes,which is of vital importance to understanding climate variability and predictability across the globe,including the African-Asian-Australian monsoon regions.     

Model Evidence for Interdecadal Pathway Changes in the Subtropics and Tropics of the South Pacific Ocean

Numerical simulations using a version of the GFDL/NOAA Modular Ocean Model(MOM 3) are analyzed to demonstrate interdecadal pathway changes from the subtropics to the tropics in the South Pacific Ocean.After the 1976-77 climate shift,the subtropical gyre of the South Pacific underwent significant changes,characterized by a slowing down in its circulation and a southward displacement of its center by about 5-10 latitude on the western side.The associated circulation altered its flow path in the northwestern part of the subtropical gyre,changing from a direct pathway connecting the subtropics to the tropics before the shift to a more zonal one after.This effectively prevented some subtropical waters from directly entering into the western equatorial Pacific.Since waters transported onto the equator around the subtropical gyre are saline and warm,such changes in the direct pathway and the associated reduction in equatorward exchange from the subtropics to the tropics affected water mass properties downstream in the western equatorial Pacific,causing persisted freshening and cooling of subsurface water as observed after the late 1970s.Previously,changes in gyre strength and advection of temperature anomalies have been invoked as mechanisms for linking the subtropics and tropics on interdecadal time scales.Here we present an additional hypothesis in which geographic shifts in the gyre structure and location(a pathway change) could play a similar role.     

温度、湿度对地磁Z基线值的影响及分析

仪器墩体受潮湿影响所产生的局部形变而引起的ZB磁变仪倾斜,是引起成都台CB3ZB变化幅度大,形成N字型年变化及其它类似形态变化的主要原因。实践证明,水泥墩湿引起的形变大,防潮效果差。而质地单纯均匀的石头墩受潮湿后引起的形变小,防潮效果好。     

北极大气中典型持久性有机污染物对海冰变化的响应

近年来,北极变暖速度几乎是全球平均速度的两倍,海冰加速消融被认为会使沉积的持久性有机污染物（POPs）重新释放进入大气。本文利用近30年的大气POPs浓度数据和北极海冰数据,比较了有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）在北极Alert、Zeppelin、Stórhöfði和Pallas这4个站点的变率,结合互相关分析,探讨POPs对海冰变化的响应。结果发现,在周围多为浮冰区的Zeppelin站点,OCPs（特别是HCB和α-HCH）在2009年后与海冰变化显著负相关,而在其他站点显著性较低或无显著相关性。PCBs在Stórhöfði和Pallas站点,超前海冰变化,可能与长距离输送和土壤的二次释放有关,而在Zeppelin站点出现了和DDTs类似的滞后海冰变化的现象。本研究表明,不同类型的POPs对海冰变化的时空响应不同,海冰消融不一定导致大气POPs浓度增大。

     

中国末次冰盛期以来泥炭发育与气候变化

泥炭是陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,其发育演化对全球碳循环具有重要的影响。然而,目前轨道时间尺度上中低纬泥炭发育与季风演化关系及其对全球CH₄浓度变化的影响,还存在很大的争议。本研究基于末次冰盛期以来我国泥炭发育的起始¹⁴C年龄数据,通过年龄概率密度方法,系统重建了东亚季风区泥炭发育的时空演变历史。结果表明：末次冰盛期我国南方泥炭开始发育,冰消期以来泥炭发育逐步扩展至华北、东北、西北和青藏高原地区,并发育增强;全新世时段,不同区域泥炭发育存在明显的空间差异,东北和西北泥炭发育呈现持续增加,而南方、华北和青藏高原地区在早-中全新世增加,之后呈现下降趋势。结合全国孢粉记录的古气候定量化重建结果,发现我国末次冰盛期以来不同区域泥炭发育主要受降水变化的影响,揭示出泥炭发育主要受控于东亚季风降水的演化。研究表明在轨道时间尺度上,东亚季风演化及其导致的泥炭发育变化对全球CH₄浓度变化具有重要的贡献。