光学测绘卫星地面检校场设计及测量应用

针对光学测绘卫星地面检校场地物几何和辐射参数的高精度、大范围、实时同步测量需求,文章分析了几何标志点定位、地物辐射特性、大气特性等地面测量的主要任务和作用,提出了集几何和辐射于一体的地面检校场综合测量方法,设计了贯穿卫星过境前、中、后全过程的地面检校场几何辐射测量技术流程,采用RTK GPS测量、自动气象站、太阳辐射计等多种仪器设备,实现了对靶标地物的精确放样布设、标志点的几何定位、大气特性与地物特性参数等测量。经资源三号卫星几何辐射检校试验结果验证,达到了光学立体卫星几何辐射检校场地物测量的技术要求,对提高测绘遥感卫星的几何和辐射质量以及定量化应用水平具有参考作用。     

An intelligent geospatial processing unit for image classification based on geographic vector agents (GVAs)

Spatial modeling methods usually use pixels and image objects as fundamental processing units to address real‐world objects, geo‐objects, in image space. To do this, both pixel‐based and object‐based approaches typically employ a linear two‐staged workflow of segmentation and classification. Pixel‐based methods segment a classified image to address geo‐objects in image space. In contrast, object‐based approaches classify a segmented image to identify geo‐objects from raster datasets. These methods lack the ability to simultaneously integrate the geometry and theme of geo‐objects in image space. This article explores Geographical Vector Agents (GVAs) as an automated and intelligent processing unit to directly address real‐world objects in the process of remote sensing image classification. The GVA is a distinct type of geographic automata characterized by elastic geometry, dynamic internal structure, neighborhoods and their respective rules. We test this concept by modeling a set of objects on a subset IKONOS image and LiDAR DSM datasets without the setting parameters (e.g. scale, shape information), usually applied in conventional Geographic Object‐Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) approaches. The results show that the GVA approach achieves more than 3.5% improvement for correctness, 2% improvement for quality, although no significant improvement for completeness to GEOBIA, thus demonstrating the competitive performance of GVAs classification.     

基于测量机器人的跨海三角高程自动测量系统

运用GEOCOM对测量机器人(TCA2003)进行二次开发,设计并研制了能够以GPS数据作为初始点位数据、设置自动完成多测回测量任务的适用于跨海高程传递的三角高程测量系统,通过相关试验,验证了该系统的准确性和自动化。     

基于GNSS/传感器铁道施工维护人员安全监测与预警系统的设计

铁道施工维护人员安全监测与预警系统集成了GNSS CORS、雷达、网络传输、计算机等先进技术,实现了铁路快速预警。根据实际情况,既能提高工作效率、增加经济效益,又能保障维护人员的安全,以实现高铁维护的智能化、网络化、实时化和精准化的监测和预警。     

基于移动智能终端的消防辅助决策指挥系统设计与实现

为应对各类火灾和其他灾害事件,并作为固定指挥中心功能的延伸,本文借助3G/4G移动通信技术、智能终端技术和移动互联网技术,与消防移动指挥业务相结合,建设集移动通信指挥监控和消防水源采集为一体的移动智能终端系统。相关人员可通过移动智能终端实时获取灾害情况并与指挥中心进行信息交互。     

我国高放废物地质处置信息化建设框架构想

在总结高放废物地质处置信息化发展历程和未来科研生产的实际需求的基础上,结合快速发展的信息技术与不断创新的科研手段,提出了基于新一代信息技术环境下的高放信息化建设框架、标准体系建设、基础网络平台建设、应用系统建设和信息安全等方面内容,着重阐述了大数据、云计算、互联网+、物联网、APP等新技术应用。     

微机地学仪器的算法分析与应用

本文根据最新发展的个人仪器理论,讨论了在微机地学仪器设计中如何利用软件算法消除测量误差,实现传感器的非线性校正、数据平滑、信号分析与信息变换等方法技术,某些方法技术引用了笔者的微机地学仪器设计实例加以说明。     

温度传感器检定数据统计分析

为研究气象用温度传感器的检定特性,分析了山东省级计量检定温度实验室2010—2013年温度传感器的检定数据资料。结果表明:不同型号(ZQZ-TW1型和WZP-1型)温度传感器的检定超差率比较接近,4年总计超差率均小于10%;检定超差传感器中,在-30℃低温点或50℃高温点误差超差的比率最高;-10℃、0℃、10℃3个检定温度点,检定误差值是否超差的一致性最强,具有高度相关的特性。本文分析结果可为温度检定范围、检定点的选择及仓储备件的配比提供客观的依据。     

FBG传感器在碾压仿真混凝土大坝模型实验中的应用

光纤光栅传感器(FBG)具有抗电磁干扰、结构简单、测量精度高、长期稳定性好,可以实现实时、在线监测等优点,在传感器领域中得到了广泛的应用。对自行开发的管式光纤光栅应变传感器进行了混凝土梁纯弯标定实验;利用光纤光栅传感器检测了混凝土结构内部的应变变化;应用该种传感器,对在白噪声、正弦波、随机波三种动力荷载作用下碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型结构各个工况下的应变进行分析。结果表明:自行开发的管式光纤光栅传感器应变测量值与电阻应变片测量值符合很好;成功监测了碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型在动荷载作用下的弹性应变和启裂应变,为大坝结构在地震作用下的健康状况分析提供可靠依据。     

Tracer dispersal in sandy sediment porewater under enhanced physical forcing

This research (1) integrated a fluorescent dye injection and monitoring system for measuring the mixing of a fluorescent dye tracer (fluorescein) in permeable (sandy) sediments with a cabled ocean observatory, Kilo Nalu, Oahu, Hawaii, and (2) used this system to conduct remotely controlled in situ measurements of wave-enhanced porewater mixing in a physically well-characterized wave-dominated setting. Laboratory results indicated that the fiber-optic sensor is effective at measuring fluorescence-traced enhanced mixing in sandy sediments. Observed dye mixing, driven by paddle-generated surface waves in a laboratory wave channel was 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than molecular diffusion, and decreased with depth in the sediments. Similarly, field experiments used a remotely controlled submersible syringe pump for fluorescent tracer injection into sediment that was monitored with a fiber-optic sensor. These experiments were carried out at 10 m water depth, with mean wave heights of 0.3–1.5 m and periods of ∼15 s. At 15 cm sediment depth, transport rates of 0–5 cm h⁻¹ were measured, with maximum dispersion coefficients 2–3 orders of magnitude faster than sedimentary molecular diffusion. Hydrodynamic measurements collected simultaneously via Kilo Nalu correlated with porewater transport, with significant wave height and diffusion having the strongest covariation.