阴山陆块武川石榴基性麻粒岩P-T条件及其变质时代:来自相平衡模拟与锆石U-Pb定年的约束

武川高级片麻岩地体中石榴基性麻粒岩的变质用与同位素年代学研究对于揭示阴山陆块新太古代构造演化过程具有十分重要的研究意义。它们主要以不规则透镜体或变形岩墙/岩脉群的形式赋存于新太古代晚期英云闪长质片麻岩或变质表壳岩系之中,并切割近南-北向的区域性片麻理。岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析与矿物化学研究表明,武川石榴基性麻粒岩保留了十分典型的高压麻粒岩相矿物:石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+铁-钛氧化物。其中,粗粒石榴石边部常发育微弱的扩散环带,表现为从幔部至边部,镁铝榴石组分不断减少,相应地铁铝榴石组分不断增加,而钙铝榴石与锰铝榴石组分基本不变,指示晚期冷却降温作用对石榴石成分产生一定影响。斜长石具有细粒包体型与粗粒基质型两种不同的类型,它们具有十分相似化学成分,均为An=35~45的中长石。在NCFMASHTO(Na_2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-TiO_2-Fe_2O_3)体系下,利用THERM OCA LC 3.33软件,对两件石榴基性麻粒岩样品进行了相平衡模拟,模拟的峰期矿物组合为:石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+铁-钛氧化物,与岩相学观察十分一致。采用石榴石中最小x(g)Fe~(2 +)/(Fe~(2 +)+Mg))与斜长石是中最小ca(pl)(Ca/(Ca+Na))等值线,将本区石榴基性麻粒岩峰期高压麻粒岩相的温压条件限定在P=1.31~1.40GPa,T=770~840℃的范围内。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,两件石榴基性麻粒岩麻粒岩中发育的变质锆石分别记录了2517±6Ma(BT58-1,MSWD=0.66,n=21)与2512±16Ma(LH66-1,MSWD=0.26,n=42)的加权平均年龄,与阴山陆块其它新太古代岩石记录的约2500Ma变质年龄一致,被解释为本区石榴基性麻粒岩遭受高压麻粒岩相变质时代。结合本区其它新的研究资料,本文认为武川石榴基性麻粒岩形成可能与区内新太古代晚期造山作用有关。     

Paleo-redox depositional conditions inferred from trace metal accumulation in two Cretaceous-Paleocene organic-rich sequences from Central Egypt

Cretaceous-Paleocene organic-rich sediments in Egypt occur as an east-west trending belt extending from the Quseir-Safaga district (Red Sea) to the Kharga-Dakhla (Western Desert) region. They are associated with the Duwi Formation (phosphate-bearing) and the overlying Dakhla Formation (deeper epicontinental shale/marl). This study aims to reconstruct the paleo-redox conditions during deposition of these thermally immature organic-rich sediments using carbon-sulfur-iron systematics and trace metal proxies in two cores, one each from the Quseir and Abu Tartur areas. Paleoproductivity, based on P content, seems to have been higher in the Quseir section than in the Abu Tartur section. The Quseir section also records a relatively greater occurrence of anoxic conditions during the accumulation of these sediments than the Abu Tartur section. This difference is indicated by its markedly higher total organic carbon (TOC) content as well as higher contributions of redox-sensitive and sulfide-forming metals (Mo, U, Ni, V, and Co). A weak correlation exists between S and TOC, and a positive S intercept (>1) was observed in most of the rock units of the study sections. A high consistency between the TOC-S-Fe relations and trace metals findings was found. The uppermost Duwi and the lowermost Dakhla strata, which have the highest TOC and represent a maximum sea transgression during the Late Cretaceous, have the highest contents of redox-sensitive trace metals. The carbonate-dominated transgressive Baris and Beida members of the Dakhla Formation record relatively stronger oxygen-depleted conditions during their accumulation than others, which led to relatively higher TOC contents and redox-sensitive metal accumulations. A scenario for the environmental conditions that existed during the deposition of these organic-rich successions, based on compiled trace metals and TOC-S-Fe implications, is reconstructed here.     

不同饵料种类、投喂方式及环境条件对凡纳滨对虾相对摄食量的影响

为提高对虾养殖过程中的饵料利用率并减少养殖废水的排放,作者以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,研究了不同饵料种类、投喂方式、体质量、充气量、光照强度、水温及盐度对其相对摄食量的影响。结果表明:配合饲料组对虾的相对摄食量显著高于冰鲜虾肉组;连续单颗投喂时对虾的相对摄食量较高;相对摄食量随对对虾体重升高而显著(P0.01)下降,而且不同规格的对虾在竞争条件下平均相对摄食量会降低;充气量6 L/min组对虾的相对摄食量明显高于另外两组;弱光环境下对虾的相对摄食量较高;水温和盐度对相对摄食量的影响极显著(P0.01),在32℃时对虾获得最大相对摄食量,在盐度为5时相对摄食量最小,高盐度下组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在实际生产中应采取少量多次的投饵策略,并根据环境条件的变化合理的调整投饵量。     

新疆萨尔朔克铜金多金属矿床成矿围岩锆石年龄、Hf同位素及其成矿背景

新疆萨尔朔克金铜多金属矿床产于中泥盆统阿舍勒组上亚组的中酸性火山岩-次火山岩中,地表以金(铜)矿化为主,矿体形态及空间分布严格受NNW向断裂破碎带控制,矿体呈脉状、透镜状。金(铜)矿石以蚀变岩型为主,其次为石英脉型,赋矿围岩为黄铁绢英岩化流纹斑岩。金主要赋存在微细粒黄铁矿等硫化物和脉石英中,黄铜矿常呈不规则细脉状出现。在地表100m以下,出现铅锌矿化,且向深部铅锌品位较高,一般3%~5%,最高达12%以上。流纹斑岩与金铜多金属矿关系密切。通过锆石U-Pb同位素测年和Hf同位素测试分析,获得流纹斑岩的成岩年龄为386.2±1.5Ma,εHf(t)在7~13之间,主要集中在8.5~12.5之间。上述结果表明,流纹斑岩可能形成于早泥盆世晚期活动大陆边缘环境,是俯冲增生的产物。铅锌矿化是386Ma流纹斑岩期后岩浆作用的产物,而金铜矿化则是在含矿流纹斑岩的基础上,经其后火山热液叠加作用发生的。     

柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气成藏条件

通过地质钻井、野外现场解吸、样品实验分析等,对柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气成藏条件进行了研究。结果表明,鱼卡地区中侏罗统泥页岩主要发育于大煤沟组第五段和石门沟组,是一套以辫状河三角洲间湾、辫状河三角洲平原和湖泊相为主的优质烃源岩,累计厚度38~300m,TOC为0.12%~13.23%,Ro为0.29%~0.89%。石英含量为18.0%~63.3%,粘土矿物含量为10.1%~55.6%,孔隙度为1.53%~14.92%,渗透率为0.007×10-3~6.24×10-3μm2。微孔隙发育,主要有粒间孔、溶蚀孔、粒内孔,孔隙直径多为0.3~3μm。泥页岩含气量为0.42~0.83m3/t,解吸气CH4含量8.6%~64.9%,δ13C1为-80.59‰~-63.32‰。与国内外含气泥页岩对比发现,研究区中侏罗统泥页岩具有厚度大、TOC高、石英含量居中的特点,但分布面积小、成熟度低、含气量小,且自中、新生代以来经历了多期次构造运动,对页岩气的保存影响较大。预测鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气勘探前景,还需重点加强构造作用对页岩气保存的影响及页岩气成因类型、资源量评估等方面的研究。     

LA-ICP-MS测定锡石U-Pb同位素年龄时两种普通铅扣除方法的原理及适用性比较

根据近年来激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪锡石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年的实验结果,结合相关资料,对实验过程中普通铅扣除的2种主要方法,即谐和图法和等时线法的原理、效果、优点和局限性进行了深入的比较。研究成果表明,2种主要方法各有不同的优点及局限性。在实际工作中,要想获得比较准确的测试结果,需要根据具体矿物样品的年龄范围、总的U和Pb含量、普通铅相对含量、测年精度要求等因素,灵活地选择普通铅扣除的方法。     

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.     

山西省地热资源及其开发利用模式探讨

山西省地热资源丰富,但分布不均,总体开发利用程度偏低,存在资源勘查研究程度低、分散开采普遍、重开采、轻回灌、创新发展研究重视不够等问题,对地热资源可持续利用不利。在山西省地热资源现状调查评价的基础上,系统总结了山西省地热资源的分布规律、主要热储类型、特征以及水热型地热资源开发利用现状,按照不同热储类型及地热资源赋存地质条件,提出地热资源开发利用模式建议,并提出在山西省打造温泉小镇的构想。     

1981-2015年西藏全区气候季节的变化

利用1981-2015年西藏全区39个气象观测站的观测资料,采用修订气候季节划分方法,分析了39站季节起始日与季节长度,代表站的季节极端日期、极端长度、季节早晚、季节长短等级变化趋势及其对农牧业、旅游业的影响。结果表明：西藏近35年来,春、夏、秋、冬季平均起始日分别为2月25日、5月31日、9月15日和11月28日,平均长度分别为99 d、106 d、73 d和87 d,且区域差异比较明显。波密、加查、尼木、狮泉河、申扎站春季的起始日在提前,分别为-5.8、-1.2、-3.3、-2.5、-2.3 d·（10a）^-1;秋冬季的开始日在推迟,分别为1.4（1.5）、2.1（4.2）、1.9（4.4）、1.0（2.5）、1.2（4.0）d·（10a）^-1。春（夏、秋）季持续时间在延长,分别为7.0（1.3、0.1）、0.04（3.3、2.1）、1.0（4.6、2.5）、0.1（3.4、1.6）、1.7（1.8、2.8）d·（10a）^-1;冬季持续时间在缩短,分别为-8.5、-5.4、-7.8、-5.1、-6.2 d·（10a）^-1。春季的提前与季节长度的延长,使作物播种期与牧草返青期提早;秋季的推迟与季节长度的缩短使得作物复种机会大;同时对农作物的种植结构、作物品种熟性布局以及旅游业都有一定的影响。     

遵义市袋栽黑木耳最佳栽培期气候条件分析*

为了找出黑木耳在遵义的最佳栽培期,2019年笔者在遵义市气象观测站开展试验,收集并整理黑木耳生长期内逐日气象资料,结合试验数据综合分析,结果显示：（1）平均气温在20℃左右时,对木耳品质形成较为有利,候平均气温＜5℃或≥30℃时不适宜黑木耳生长。（2）除盛夏和初秋相对湿度较低外,其余大部分时段均能满足木耳自然生长,少部分时段需适当浇水。（3）3月至10月候日照时数普遍在10小时以上,适宜黑木耳生长,其中4月4候至9月4候为最适宜期。（4）遵义立体气候特征明显,海拔高度不同木耳适宜生长期时段不同,大部分地区海拔普遍在600～1100米之间,黑木耳生长最佳适宜期为4月3候至6月6候、8月6候至10月5候。