Quartz and orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae in clinopyroxene and the metamorphic P–T path of Belomorian eclogites

The Shirokaya Salma eclogite‐bearing complex is located in the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic Belomorian Province (Russia). Its eclogites and eclogitic rocks show multiple clinopyroxene breakdown textures, characterized by quartz–amphibole, orthopyroxene and plagioclase lamellae. Representative samples, a fresh eclogite, two partly retrograded eclogites, and a strongly retrograded eclogitic rock, were collected for this study. Two distinct mineral assemblages—(1) omphacite+garnet+quartz+rutile±amphibole and (2) clinopyroxene+garnet+amphibole+plagioclase+quartz+rutile+ilmenite±orthopyroxene—are described. Based on phase equilibria modelling, these assemblages correspond to the eclogite and granulite facies metamorphism that occurred at 16–18 kbar, 750–800°C and 11–15 kbar, 820–850°C, respectively. The quartz–amphibole lamellae in clinopyroxene formed during retrogression with water ingress, but do not imply UHP metamorphism. The superfine orthopyroxene lamellae developed due to breakdown of an antecedent clinopyroxene (omphacite) during retrogression that was triggered by decompression from the peak of metamorphism, while the coarser orthopyroxene grains and rods formed afterwards. The P–T path reconstructed for the Shirokaya Salma eclogites is comparable to that of the adjacent 1.9 Ga Uzkaya Salma eclogite (Belomorian Province), and those of several other Palaeoproterozoic high‐grade metamorphic terranes worldwide, facts allowing us to debate the exact timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in the Belomorian Province.     

水力劈裂楔劈效应试验研究

心墙是否会发生水力劈裂关系土石坝的安全,该问题的难点和关键之一是水力劈裂的发生机制和条件。利用自制模型,在2种不同加压速率条件下,对有无初始裂缝和5种不同初始裂缝深度的试样进行了水力劈裂试验;结合数值模拟和CT观测试验,验证了水力劈裂的楔劈效应机制-当水压力作用在初始裂缝形成的劈背上,引起劈刃上的力超过临界值时就可能导致发生水力劈裂。研究结果表明：初始裂缝深度越大、加压速率越高,越容易发生水力劈裂。为避免土石坝发生水力劈裂破坏,应注意心墙迎水面的施工质量和平整性,宜采用较慢的蓄水方案。     

FWG3递减开发模型

本文提出了FWG3递减开发模型，提出了开发速度，采出程度等开发指标的数学关系式，分析了参数对FWG3递减开发模型的影响，提出了开发初期FWG3递减开发模型的确定方法，便于开放初期决策，制作了FWG3递减开发模型的log VD-log Rp图版，log VD-log(根号at)图,版logRp-log(根号at)图版，提出了开发中晚期FWG3递减开发模型的判断方法，三点抛物线法和三种图版匹配的拟合方法，为开发中晚期预测奠定了基础，FWG3递减开发模型是一种先慢后快的递减开发模型。     

垃圾土瞬时模量变化规律的试验研究及机制分析

采用有代表性配比的人工配料垃圾土试样对瞬时模量变化规律进行了试验研究,结果表明：垃圾土有机质含量、初始含水率、初始孔隙比及降解程度的变化对瞬时模量都有影响,并得到了各影响因素下的变化规律。结合垃圾土自身特性对各因素影响机制及结果进行了分析,这些结论对未来的填埋场变形研究及工程设计是非常有意义的。     

The Impacts of Initial Perturbations on the Computational Stability of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

The impacts of initial perturbations on the computational stability of nonlinear evolution equations for non-conservative difference schemes and non-periodic boundary conditions are studied through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments for the case of onedimensional equations.The sensitivity of the difference scheme to initial values is further analyzed.The results show that the computational stability primarily depends on the form of the initial values if the difference scheme and boundary conditions are determined.Thus,the computational stability is sensitive to the initial perturbations.     

ON USE OF LHN METHOD TO ASSIMILATE THE INTENSIFIED SURFACE PRECIPITATIONS FOR GRAPES_MESO MODEL INITIALIZATION

The quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) in very-short range (0-12 hours) has been investigated in this paper by using a convective-scale (3km) GRAPES_Meso model. At first, a latent heat nudging (LHN) scheme to assimilate the hourly intensified surface precipitation data was set up to enhance the initialization of GRAPES_Meso integration. And then based on the LHN scheme, a convective-scale prediction system was built up in considering the initial “triggering” uncertainties by means of multi-scale initial analysis (MSIA), such as the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR), the traditional LHN method (VAR0LHN3), the cycling LHN method (CYCLING), the spatial filtering (SS) and the temporal filtering (DFI) LHN methods. Furthermore, the probability matching (PM) method was used to generate the QPF in very-short range by combining the precipitation forecasts of the five runs. The experiments for one month were carried out to validate the MSIA and PM method for QPF in very-short range. The numerical simulation results showed that: (1) in comparison with the control run, the CYCLING run could generate the smaller-scale initial moist increments and was better for reducing the spin-up time and triggering the convection in a very-short time; (2) the DFI runs could generate the initial analysis fields with relatively larger-scale initial increments and trigger the weaker convections at the beginning time (0-3h) of integration, but enhance them at latter time (6-12h); (3) by combining the five runs with different convection triggering features, the PM method could significantly improve the QPF in very-short range in comparison to any single run. Therefore, the QPF with a small size of combining members proposed here is quite prospective in operation for its lower computation cost and better performance.     

岩浆长期分离结晶对岩石锶同位素初始比值的影响

讨论了在岩浆长期分离结晶作用的模式,由于晚期残留熔体相对于早期结晶相其Rb/Sr比增高,当有一定滞留时间条件下,将导致晚期结晶相~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比增高,因而在一个复式岩基内会形成具有不同锶同位素初始比的多个岩石单元。文中以安徽地洼阶段的黄山一狮子岭岩体为例,通过模拟计算,得到其初始岩浆(?)=0.7122,(Rb/Sr)0=3,该岩浆的80％分离结晶形成黄山岩体,其(?)=0.7143(t=130Ma),其余20％的残余熔体结晶后形成狮子岭岩体,其(?)=0.7180(t=123.1Ma)。     

营养盐浓度和初始细胞密度对东海原甲藻与塔玛亚历山大藻种间竞争的影响

以我国东海2种重要赤潮原因种--东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为研究对象,研究了高、低磷酸盐浓度以及初始细胞密度对这2物种种群增长与种间竞争的影响.结果表明,不同实验条件下2物种有不同的竞争结果,营养盐限制环境中主要表现为资源利用性竞争,东海原甲藻为竞争优势种;丰富营养盐环境中,种间竞争具有明显的密度依赖性,根据初始细胞密度的不同,2竞争物种既可以相互排斥,也可能共存.该结果与东海赤潮特征即2物种既可以分别形成单相型赤潮,又可以共同形成双相型赤潮相一致.     

地球γ射线闪(TGFs)及其物理机制研究进展

根据卫星、地面、飞机和气球的探测结果,TGFs和与雷暴、闪电过程有关的高能辐射现象可以大致分为2类:持续时间为毫秒量级的短时间高能辐射,一般认为多数可能与闪电有关;持续时间为几秒甚至更长的长时间高能辐射,一般认为可能与雷暴有关.对已有的TGFs和与雷暴、闪电有关的高能辐射现象的观测事实、理论探索和数值模拟方面的进展进行简要的回顾,并提出目前尚未解决的问题.     

筒型基础总体尺寸初步设计方法

筒型基础平台是一种新型海洋平台，它通过在筒腔内产生一个比周围小的压强而自主插入海底，工作期间又具有在筒腔内形成负压来增强抵抗外载荷的能力。本文介绍一种以抗拔能力为设计基准的筒型基础总体尺寸的初步设计6方法，并对方法中的各参数提出了选用原则和取值范围，给出了相应的计算图谱，最后还以两个筒型基础为例演示了方法的使用。