In Situ Determination of Au and Cu in Natural Pyrite by Near‐Infrared Femtosecond Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: No Evidence for Matrix Effects

Gold and copper concentrations were determined in natural pyrite by near‐infrared femtosecond LA‐ICP‐QMS, using both sulfide reference materials (pyrrhotite Po‐726 and in‐house natural chalcopyrite Cpy‐RM) and NIST SRM 610 as external calibrators. Firstly, using NIST SRM 610 as the external calibrator, we calculated the Au concentration in Po‐726 and the Cu concentration in Cpy‐RM. The calculated concentration averages for Au and Cu were similar to the values published for Po‐726 and Cpy‐RM, respectively. Secondly, we calculated Au and Cu concentrations taking NIST SRM 610 as an unknown sample and using Po‐726 and Cpy‐RM as external calibrators. Again, the average values obtained closely reflected the preferred concentrations for NIST SRM 610. Finally, we calculated Au and Cu concentrations in natural pyrite using sulfide and silicate reference materials as external calibrators. In both cases, calculated concentrations were very similar, independent of the external calibrator used. The aforementioned data, plus the fact that we obtained very small differences in relative sensitivity values (percentage differences are between 5% and 17% for ⁵⁷Fe, ⁶³Cu and ¹⁹⁷Au) on analyses of silicate and sulfide RMs, indicate that there were no matrix effects related to the differences in material composition. Thus, it is possible to determine Au and Cu in natural sulfides using NIST silicate glasses as an external calibrator.     

注胶晕长石的鉴定方法

近期,国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心对一串具蓝色晕彩的长石手链样品进行常规检测时,在长波紫外灯下多数珠子发中等强度的蓝白色荧光,且荧光在珠子中呈线状分布。为了对该长石样品进行准确定名,并探究其紫外荧光产生的原因,对其进行了常规宝石学检测、电子探针和红外光谱测试与分析。结果显示,该样品的折射率约为1.53,在显微镜下具有层状结构和针片状包裹体,结合其电子探针的分析结果,确定该样品为晕长石,即具有蓝色晕彩的钠长石;基于样品表面具有典型的＂蚯蚓行踪＂纹路、沿裂隙发出的紫外荧光及红外光谱下3 053,3 038cm^-1处的吸收峰,确定其为注胶处理的晕长石。     

橄榄石中H的结合机制及扩散行为

名义上无水矿物(nominally anhydrous minerals,NAMs)中以点缺陷形式存在的结构水,因其对于矿物物理化学性质的显著影响而受到越来越广泛的关注。橄榄石是上地幔中含量最丰富的矿物,水在橄榄石中的存在形式、扩散机制和速率对上地幔的流变学和电导性质有着重要的影响。因此,对于橄榄石中H的结合机制及其扩散机制和速率的了解有助于理解地球深部的水循环,也有助于构建上地幔流变结构以及解释电导测量结果。本文总结了近几十年来学界对于H在橄榄石中存在的缺陷类型与OH红外光谱吸收峰之间的对应关系,以及H在矿物晶格中的扩散机制、扩散速率等重要问题的研究成果,并探讨了现有研究中依然存在的问题。     

基于短波红外技术的西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿床荣那矿段及其外围蚀变填图-勘查模型构建

采用短波红外技术测量西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南矿区地表岩石样本,发现蚀变矿物主要有绢云母和绿泥石,并在地表形成了一套从绢英岩化带-青磐岩化带的具有斑岩特点的蚀变矿物组合特征。通过测量地下ZK0804,ZK1604,ZK2404,ZK3204四个钻孔岩心的短波红外特征,发现钻孔岩心中存在大量明矾石、高岭石、地开石和绢云母,在东西向展布的过程中,绢云母数量及厚度明显增大,有继续向下延伸的趋势,说明矿体向深部逐渐从富含明矾石、地开石、高岭石的高硫、低温类型的矿物组合向绢英岩化带转变,并构成了规律的蚀变分带系统。根据地表、地下岩（矿）石的短波红外光谱特征及蚀变矿物分布趋势,构建了基于短波红外勘查技术的多龙矿集区斑岩-高硫浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床找矿勘查模型,总结了从钾化带-绢英岩化带-泥化带-高级泥化带（明矾石-地开石-高岭石组合）-青磐岩化带的一套完整蚀变矿物组合及光谱特征。     

一种新方法处理软玉的鉴定特征

首次报道了一种拼合处理的软玉及其鉴定特征。通过常规宝石学测试、红外光谱和X荧光能谱分析,对该类样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,从外观上,样品的＂皮＂与主体结合处的颜色分界截然,有明显的粘结痕迹和大量的蜡与气泡;拼合面两侧区域的红外光谱完全不一样;X荧光能谱显示,其＂皮＂较主体部分缺少Ca峰。根据测试结果认为,样品应为染色岫玉软玉拼合石。     

红外光谱方法在找金中的应用综述

从四个方面介绍了红外光谱在金矿普查评价中的应用：石英薄片中气液包裹体与金的关系研究；石英中杂质阳离子与金的关系研究；黄铁矿与金的关系研究；金矿区氧化带和矿带共生组合矿物研究。     

Mid-infrared, spatially resolved spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy

High spatial resolution spectroscopy at 8–13 μm with T-ReCS on Gemini-S has revealed striking variations in the mid-infrared emission and absorption in the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy (hereafter Circinus) on subarcsecond scales. The core of Circinus is compact and obscured by a substantial column of cool silicate dust. Weak extended emission to the east and west coincides with the coronal line region and arises from featureless dust grains which are probably heated by line emission in the coronal emission zone. The extended emission on the east side of the nucleus displays a much deeper silicate absorption than that on the west, indicating significant columns of cool material along the line of sight and corresponding to an additional extinction of   A_V ∼ 25 mag  . Emission bands from aromatic hydrocarbons are not subject to this additional extinction, are relatively weak in the core and in the coronal line region, and are much more spatially extended than the continuum dust emission; they presumably arise in the circumnuclear star-forming regions. These data are interpreted in terms of an inclined disc-like structure around the nucleus extending over tens of parsecs and possibly related to the inner disc found from observations of water masers by Greenhill et al..     

用于遥感测温的双通道红外辐射计

本文介绍了一种用于遥感温度测量的、且与目前大多数星载红外遥感器波段相一致的双通道红外辐射计。该辐射计采用碲镉汞做为探测器。它可用于温度测量,其同步测量数据可用于星载红外遥感器的定标和数据的真实性检验。本文介绍了总体方案、精度计算及光、机、电和数据处理等部分的设计方法。     

基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计

设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。     

震前云下增温异常及其时段特征

利用卫星热红外图像资料做地震短临预报, 主要依据的是地表大气增温异常在卫星图像上的亮温反映。 但在阴云密布的天气条件下, 这种预报方法却受到了限制, 因为卫星无法探测到地面或水面是否有增温异常。 通过气象资料分析, 得知云层或其他气象条件引起的降温并不能改变震前地表温度增加的趋势。 某些地震之前虽然震中及其附近地区天空阴云密布, 地面增温幅度却可高达十几度。 云下增温曲线可划分为3个时段(即A、 B、 C段), 其中A段与C段分别为增温前与震后的温度变化曲线, 多与日照时间呈正相关关系, 特别是A段的这种关系更具普遍性。 然而, 反映震前地面增温特征的B段却与日照时间没有明显的相关性, 可见这种持续增温、 与云量无关的波状增温等都主要不是由日照或气象条件引起的, 而是一种与地下应力作用、 气体释放、 瞬变电场等有关的震兆现象。 因此, 提高对云下增温的系统观测能力, 是改善热红外地震预报的有效途径。