Influence of Approach Channel on Wave Propagation with Varying Incident Angles

- The variation of the amplitude of waves with varying incident angles when waves propagate through a typical approach channel is discussed by a numerical calculation method, the result of which shows that the influence of the channel on wave propagation is obvious. When the wave propagation direction is in coincidence with the channel axis, the wave amplitude ratio will decrease with the increase of propagation distance. When the incident angle is 15 - 30 , there appears an area of larger wave amplitude ratio on the side slope facing the waves, but at the another side, the wave amplitude ratio is generally small, indicating that the channel has a shielding effect. When waves propagate across the channel perpendicularly, the wave amplitude ratio can be calculated with the shallow water coefficient.     

Long Waves Associated with Bichromatic Waves

A numerical model of low frequency waves is presented. The model is based on that of Roelvink (1993), but the nu-merical techniques used in the solution are based on the so-called Weighted-Average Flux (WAF) method with Time-Operator-Splitting (TOS) used for the treatment of the source terms. This method allows a small number of computational points to be used, and is particularly efficient in modeling wave setup. The short wave (or primary wave) energy equation is solved with a traditional Lax-Wendroff technique. A nonlinear wave theory is introduced. The model described in this paper is found to be satisfactory in modeling low frequency waves associated with incident bichromalic waves.     

Discussion of “Wave setup and setdown generated by obliquely incident waves” by T.-W. Hsu et al., Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006

In the recent paper by Tai-Wen Hsu, John R.-C. Hsu, Wen-Kai Weng, Swun-Kwang Wang, and Shan-Hwei Ou (Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006), the authors derived theoretical formulations for calculating the wave setup and setdown induced by obliquely incident waves on a beach. The derivation of an expression for setdown contains errors which would lead to an imbalance in longshore momentum flux outside the surfzone. We correct their derivation and give results in terms of the radiation stress concept in a general case including an oblique wave incidence. We also point out that the correct form of wave setdown is important to describe the zero-net force in the momentum balance outside the surfzone.     

顾及边界入射信号的多模水汽层析方法

利用GNSS三维水汽层析技术全天候地获取高时空采样率的水汽垂直分布信息,已成为GNSS气象学中一大研究热点。当前,基于单一导航系统的传统层析方法存在观测数据利用率低、观测分布不均等不足。本文设计和实现了一种顾及边界入射信号的多模水汽层析方法,采用香港CORS网观测数据和无线电探空产品进行精度验证,并详细分析边界入射信号和多模层顶信号的引入对层析水汽结果的改善程度。结果表明:相较于传统GPS层析方法,本文采用的融合两类多模层顶信号和边界入射信号的新水汽层析方法,兼备边界入射信号和多模层顶信号的优点,可得到更高精度和更可靠的三维水汽信息。     

用反射波法振幅比判定单桩相对承载力的尝试

利用动测桩中的桩底反射信号研究了应力波在桩体和土体中的衰减情况。结果表明,应力波在桩体中的衰减比在土中小的多,在考虑了桩周土与反射系数的关系后,尝试给出应用桩底反射信号与桩头人射信号振幅之比判定单桩承载力相对大小的基本理论和初步研究结果。     

Tests and applications of an approach to absorbing reflected waves towards incident boundary

If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary.     

地震波斜入射对高面板坝地震反应的影响

为研究地震波斜入射对高面板坝地震反应的影响,根据地震波动入射理论,采用FORTRAN进行波动荷载的编程计算,并与大型通用有限元软件ADINA相结合,实现基于黏弹性人工边界的地震波斜入射,研究P波和SV波分别以不同角度入射对高面板堆石坝地震反应的影响。结果表明,地震波斜入射时大坝地震动反应与垂直入射时明显不同,常规垂直入射的结果偏于不安全,因此在高面板坝地震反应分析和抗震设计中应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。     

平均入射角道集PP波与PS波联合反演

在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路.     

Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation

In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

入射频率对煤系薄互层地震响应特征影响的物理模拟

建立薄互层地震物理模型,分别从低频和高频入射时地震记录的振幅谱形态、振幅、频率特征、AVO特征等方面入手,分析了入射频率对煤系薄互层模型地震响应特征的影响。结果表明:入射频率对薄互层层数变化反映敏感,高频入射时振幅谱形态可分辨的厚度比较小,分辨率较高;振幅谱幅值以及主频值的变化与薄互层的总厚度和波长之比有关,并且随着厚度的增加其变化规律符合薄层的振幅调谐规律与频率调谐规律;入射频率不同时,AVO曲线特征也不相同,在进行薄互层资料的对比解释及AVO分析时,要充分考虑入射频率所引起的差异。