塔里木盆地塔中隆起志留系油气聚集控制因素

塔中隆起志留系中沥青及可动油气显示十分丰富。油气聚集的基本特征是多油气源、多成藏期、多油气藏类型、多油气产状。纵向上志留系油气分布受盖层控制,沥青和稠油分布在塔塔埃尔塔格组下段红色泥岩段以下,而现今可动油则集中分布在柯坪塔格组上二亚段灰色泥岩之下。平面上,志留系油气聚集受构造背景控制,继承性发育的古隆起决定各个时期油气运移指向,塔中地区油气基本上是自北西向南东方向运移。潮坪相沉积决定了薄砂层单个砂体规模不大,一系列砂体靠断层沟通。塔中地区志留系形成了油气丰度不高、在空间上叠置连片、大面积分布、受多种圈闭类型控制的油气聚集特征。     

海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩热解动力学研究:全岩和干酪根的对比

我国海相碳酸盐岩地层分布广泛,厚度巨大,经历的地质历史较长,特点是有机质丰度低,多处于高过成熟阶段.碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价对我国的油气资源评价与勘探至关重要.用生烃动力学方法来研究碳酸盐岩生油气过程是一个值得探索的研究方向.本文通过生烃动力学热模拟实验,求取了碳酸盐岩全岩和其干酪根不同烃类组分(甲烷、 C2～ C5气态烃)的生成动力学参数并进行对比.结果表明,在生烃动力学热解实验中,全岩和其干酪根具有相似的动力学参数,采用烃源岩应该比干酪根更符合实际,但是干酪根样品可以测得更为详细的实验数据,因此可以根据样品的情况,选择合理且易行的实验条件.在此基础上,以本文得到的参数作为参照指标,用动力学方法外推到地质实际中,可准确地提出适合我国的碳酸盐岩生烃定量模型,能为碳酸盐岩的资源评估等方面给出定量数值,从而为有效烃源岩的定量评价提供一种新的方法和途径.     

有机烃在预测隐伏金矿床中的应用及其成因探索

在国内外许多热液矿床的成矿作用研究中都发现有烃类组分的存在,这一现象已越来越受到矿床学家的关注。有机质、有机烃与金属成矿作用之间存在着直接或者间接的成因关系。有机烃指标应用于金属矿产勘查和深部隐伏矿体的预测是一个尚处于试验阶段的新的研究领域,其基础理论还不十分成熟。本文从有机烃预测隐伏金矿床的应用实例着手,归纳出金矿体上有机烃异常特征和模式,并对异常来源以及异常模式成因进行探讨,结果表明有机烃异常特征和有机烃组分间相关特性能有效反映深部隐伏金矿体的赋存空间和成矿规模,为利用有机烃预测隐伏金矿寻求更坚实的理论基础。     

大民屯凹陷油气运聚史研究

运用油气组成非均质性,以大民屯凹陷丰富详实的分析测试资料为基础,"反演"了两大油气系统的油气主运聚方向.结果表明,大民屯凹陷油气总体组成非均质性、分子构成非均质性以及含氮化合物分布三方面的运移示踪效应基本一致,可以相互印证."反演"结果表明,正常油和高蜡油都是围绕各自生油洼陷中心向周围构造高部位的斜坡带运移,在有利的圈闭中成藏.沿着该运移路径上如果有合适的圈闭条件就会聚集成藏,这为下一步勘探目标预测提供了依据.流体定年技术分析结果表明,大民屯凹陷主成藏时期为沙一、二到东营早期.安福屯洼陷成藏稍早于荣胜堡洼陷,因而高蜡油成藏略早于正常油.     

The significance and timing of sheetflood vs braided channel deposition on lacustrine fan deltas,Junggar Basin,NW China

The fan-delta reservoir play has become an important exploration target within the Junggar Basin, especially in the Mabei area within the Mahu Sag, where a fan-delta oil and gas pool has been recently discovered. The sedimentary characteristics, distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of the fan-delta clastic bodies in Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation (T1b) were studied using seismic, well log and core data accompanied by a flume tank experiment and a modern analogue depositional study. The T1b in the Mabei area is composed of a fan delta consisting of fan-delta plain (including debris flow deposits, sheetflood deposits, braided channel deposits, and floodplain deposits), fan-delta front (including subaqueous reworked sheetflood deposits and distal sheetflood deposits) and muddy lake deposits. The sheetflood deposits, characterised by moderately sorted conglomerates with brown matrix, form during the peak flooding. They are widespread and sheet-like, occupying the major portion of the fan-delta plain. The braided channel deposits are characterised by well-sorted and clast-supported conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, formed later during the falling flow stage. Owing to the decline in volume and velocity, and the formation of continuously braided fluid flow, the sediments of the flood period are reworked, generating the braided channels. Laterally, the braided channels occur as belts of clastic bodies surrounded by continuous sheetflood deposits. Vertically, the braided channels are interbedded between the sheetflood deposits. The subaqueous reworked sheetflood deposits are characterised by greyish-green, well-sorted and clast-supported conglomerates, whereas the distal sheetflood deposits are characterised by well-sorted sandstones, intercalated with mudstone. The subaqueous reworked sheetflood and distal sheetflood deposits are a distal partly subaqueous extension of the main sheetflood deposits, albeit reworked by basinal currents and waves. The distal sheetflood deposits form on distal fringes of the sheetfloods and are more thoroughly reworked by longshore and wave currents. The braided channel, subaqueous reworked sheetflood and distal sheetflood deposits can form high-porosity reservoirs. These findings challenge the common view and suggest that the channelised facies on the fans are not the main flood events; rather, the more extensive sheetfloods are the major flood events.     

Genesis,distribution, and hydrocarbon implications of ostracod-bearing beds in the Songliao Basin (NE China)

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K₂qn) and Nenjiang Formation (K₂n) in the Songliao Basin (SLB), China, contain discrete ostracod-bearing deposits. The ostracod-bearing layers range in thickness from 5 to 380 cm. Based on integrated analysis of seismic, drilling, core and logging data, the sedimentary characteristics, distribution patterns and hydrocarbon implications of the ostracod-bearing beds have been studied. Compared with mudstone and sandstone in lacustrine settings, ostracod-bearing beds have distinctive characteristics in terms of seismic response and logging features. Three types of depositional pattern of ostracod-bearing beds are recognised in different facies: mixed siliciclastic–ostracod deposits in the delta front, sheeted ostracod deposits, and dotted ostracod deposits in shallow or semi-deep lacustrine settings. In plan view, ostracod-bearing beds mainly occur in the Daqing area, the Longhupao–Honggang terraces and the Heidimiao depression, and are relatively less developed in the east of the SLB. Shallow and semi-deep lacustrine settings were favourable environments for the survival of ostracods. In the stratigraphic succession, ostracod-bearing beds mainly occur in the upper K₂qn¹, K₂qn², lower K₂qn³ and K₂n¹ units. High-frequency sequence cycles controlled ostracod reproduction and death, and mass mortalities of ostracods commonly occurred during periods in which the lake base-level fell, leading to water shallowing, increasing salinity and sand intrusion into the shore-shallow lakes. Ostracod mortality was not associated with expansion of the lake area, marine transgression or volcanic eruptions. The ostracod-bearing beds were widely formed in shallow and semi-deep lacustrine settings in the SLB. Tight oil/gas reservoirs can be developed in thick ostracod-bearing beds. In addition, areas containing ostracod can be regarded as sweet spots for mud or shale oil/gas exploration, because extensive ostracods can improve the content of brittle minerals in mudstone.     

Characteristics of faults and their implications for oil and gas enrichment in the Liaoxi Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China

The faults that developed in the Liaoxi Depression can be classified into three types according to their extent and connectivity with the source and reservoir rocks (i.e. type I faults, type II faults and type III faults). These faults played different roles in controlling the basin geomorphology; the formation and evolution of the source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps; and the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Liaoxi Depression. Extending from the basement to the Neogene strata, type I faults, which are the largest in the basin, mainly controlled the development and basin-scale geomorphology; type II faults mainly controlled the sub-tectonic zones; and type III faults mainly controlled the formation and evolution of the traps. The movements of type I and type II faults during the hydrocarbon expulsion period were closely related to oil and gas migration. The rates of fault activity varied among the different sags of the Liaoxi Depression. Type I faults in both the northern and southern sags appear to have moved considerably during the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion stages, which strongly promoted hydrocarbon migration, whereas weakly active type I faults in the central sag made limited contributions to hydrocarbon migration. The sealing behaviour of the faults controlled the hydrocarbon migration directions and locations, and the good lateral sealing ability of the type I faults in the northern and southern sags confined the accumulation of hydrocarbons within the sags independently. However, the type I faults in the central sag partially opened laterally, which increased the likelihood of hydrocarbon migration from the sag centre to the uplift and reduced the likelihood of hydrocarbon accumulation within the sag centre. Therefore, the oil- and gas-enrichment patterns in the Liaoxi Depression are closely related to the characteristics of the faults, with traps near types I and II faults showing an increased likelihood of oil- and gas-field formation, as observed with the JZ9-3, LD4-2 and LD5-2 wells, and traps located in the sags remote from types I and II faults showing a reduced likelihood of oil and gas accumulation.     

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.     

基于匹配追踪的瞬时能量异常属性在Albertine地堑油气预测中的应用

东非裂谷Albertine地堑是当今世界油气勘探的热点地区之一,具有埋藏浅、演化快、地层新的地质特点。作为主力含油气层段的新生代地层中疏松砂岩异常发育,物性参数差异较大,受控于孔隙度以及孔隙流体的综合影响,含油气储层的地震响应无明显规律,油气预测难度较大。基于能量吸收分析思想的指导,在利用匹配追踪时频分解方法有效提高时频分辨率的前提下,进一步提出瞬时能量异常属性的计算方法。以Albertine地堑的W油田为例,针对含油气储层表现的低频能量增加、高频能量衰减的异常特征,借助瞬时能量异常属性实现了油气预测,预测结果获得了钻井的验证。      

陕北斜坡中部泥岩压实特征分析及长7段泥岩古压力恢复

陕北斜坡中部长7段泥岩现今欠压实幅度不是很大,因此长7段烃源岩生成的油气运移动力受到怀疑,但现今的压力特征并不能反映成藏期的压力。首先以鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡中部单井泥岩压实曲线为基础,对该区泥岩压实特征进行了综合研究,结果表明研究区内泥岩压实均由正常压实段和异常压实段构成,虽然欠压实幅度不大,但欠压实现象普遍存在;正常压实趋势具有较好的一致性,地表声波时差值集中在320 μs/m左右;现今压实剖面的异常压实段起始深度由东向西逐渐增大,最大古埋深期异常压实带起始深度则分布在2 250~2 400 m。然后恢复了长7段泥岩古孔隙度,并预测了主力烃源岩层(长7段)成藏期泥岩古地层压力。研究区长7段泥岩在成藏期普遍存在异常高压,南部超压明显,压力系数达1.56,反映了成藏期烃源岩具有较强的排烃动力;古压力值为17～28.5 MPa,古压力系数为1.12～1.56,两者在平面上的分布都呈现出西南部高东北部低的特征,很好地解释了研究区内现今油气的分布特征。该研究成果对下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。