低温电镀孕镶金刚石石油取心钻头研制与应用

该钻头用于坚硬地层取心。河南油田以往常用园柱聚晶、三角聚晶钻头以及烧结孕镶金刚石钻头，取心效率低、钻速慢、成本高。近两年采用低温电镀孕镶金刚石钻头取心后，平均单筒进尺由原来的4．20m／筒提高到7．62m/筒，平均取心机械钻速由原来的0．21m/h提高到的0.84m/h。该钻头生产工艺完全改变原来高温（1000℃以上）烧结为低温（室温）电镀工艺，极大地避免了金刚石热损伤，采用高强度大颗粒的金刚石，提高了取心机械钻速。     

西昆仑地区塔木MVT型铅锌矿床成矿作用和成矿物质来源探讨

MVT型铅锌矿是西昆仑地区重要的铅锌矿床类型之一.为了探明西昆仑地区该类型矿床的成矿作用过程和成矿物质来源,本文以塔木矿床为例,在野外调研基础上,进行了光片鉴定、铅硫同位素、稀士元素和成矿元素研究,得到矿石中方铅矿的δ34SCDT为-5.04‰～+3.67‰,反映出油田卤水与深层卤水的混合特征;由铅同位素分析结果计算出表面年龄为461～481 Ma(早于泥盆纪438～410 Ma);由稀土元素分析数据得出岩(矿)石/球粒陨石标准化分配模式图表明,成矿物质主要来自地层.因而判定主要成矿物质可能来源于前泥盆系地层.喜马拉雅期逆冲推覆构造作用所引发的大规模热卤水运移、循环过程,导致矿质的进一步富集、沉淀.     

富碱斑岩中超镁铁深源包体岩石的矿物学特征

在云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中找到超镁铁深源岩石包体，这对于研究富碱斑岩的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。本文较系统地研究了深源包体岩石的矿物学特征，揭示该深源包体具有原始上地幔岩在地幔条件下受到一定程度富集地幔流体交代作用改造的特征，具有富集地幔低程度部分熔融属性，为富碱斑岩的成岩成矿演化提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

深海热泉生物——人类的基因资源宝库

广泛存在于大洋之中的深海热泉生物群落依靠化学自营维持生存与繁衍，构成了独特的生态系统，是对光合作用生态系统理论的一个挑战和补充，在生物学上有着重要的研究意义，对于揭示生命的起源与拓展生命的生存空间有着重要的学术价值，而且还孕育着广泛而重要的应用价值和商业前景，具体体现在新型医药开发、基因疗法、工业应用以及环境保护等方面。深海热泉生物将是人类最重要的基因资源宝库。     

Paleolatitudes of the Kerguelen hotspot: new paleomagnetic results and dynamic modeling

The Kerguelen Plateau, a Large Igneous Province in the southern Indian Ocean, was formed as a product of the Kerguelen hotspot in several eruptive phases during the last 120 Myr. We obtained new paleolatitudes for the central and northern Kerguelen Plateau from paleomagnetic investigations on basalts, which were drilled during ODP Leg 183 to the Kerguelen Plateau-Broken Ridge. The paleolatitudes coincide with paleolatitudes from previous investigations at the Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge (the track of the Kerguelen hotspot) and indicate a difference between paleolatitudes and present position at 49°S of the Kerguelen hotspot. We show that true polar wander, the global motion between the mantle and the rotation axis, cannot explain this difference in latitudes. We present numerical model results of plume conduit motion in a large-scale mantle flow and the resulting surface hotspot motion. A large number of models all predict southward motion between 3° and 10° for the Kerguelen hotspot during the last 100 Myr, which is consistent with our paleomagnetic results.     

3D shear-wave velocity structure of the Eifel plume, Germany

The Quaternary Eifel volcanic fields, situated on the Rhenish Massif in Germany, are the focus of a major interdisciplinary project. The aim is a detailed study of the crustal and mantle structure of the intraplate volcanic fields and their deep origin. Recent results from a teleseismic P-wave tomography study reveal a deep low-velocity structure which we infer to be a plume in the upper mantle underneath the volcanic area [J.R.R. Ritter et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 186 (2001) 7-14]. Here we present a travel-time investigation of 5038 teleseismic shear-wave arrivals in the same region. First, the transverse (T) and radial (R) component travel-time residuals are treated separately to identify possible effects of seismic anisotropy. A comparison of 2044 T- and 2994 R-component residuals demonstrates that anisotropy does not cause any first-order travel-time effects. The data sets reveal a deep-seated low-velocity anomaly beneath the volcanic region, causing a delay for teleseismic shear waves of about 3 s. Using 3773 combined R- and T-component residuals, an isotropic non-linear inversion is calculated. The tomographic images reveal a prominent S-wave velocity reduction in the upper mantle underneath the Eifel region. The anomaly extends down to at least 400 km depth. The velocity contrast to the surrounding mantle is depth-dependent (from −5% at 31-100 km depth to at least −1% at 400 km depth). At about 170-240 km depth the anomaly is nearly absent. The resolution of the data is sufficient to recover the described features, however the anomaly in the lower asthenosphere is underestimated due to smearing and damping. The main anomaly is similar to the P-wave model except the latter lacks the ‘hole’ near 200 km depth, and both are consistent with an upper mantle plume structure. For plausible anhydrous plume material in the uppermost 100 km of the mantle, an excess temperature as great as 200-300 K is estimated from the seismic anomaly. However, 1% partial melt reduces the required temperature anomaly to about 100 K. The temperature anomaly associated with the deeper part of the plume (250 to about 450 km depth) is at least 70 K. However, this estimate is quite uncertain, because the amplitude of the shear-wave anomaly may be larger than the modelled one. Another possibility is water in the upwelling material. The gap at 170-240 km depth could arise from an increase of the shear modulus caused by dehydration processes which would not affect P-wave velocities as much. An interaction of temperature and compositional variations, including melt and possibly water, makes it difficult to differentiate quantitatively between the causes of the deep-seated low-velocity anomaly.     

薄钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过4个薄钢板剪力墙和1个钢筋混凝土框架的试验，研究了薄钢板剪力墙在低周往复荷载作用下的刚度、承载力、延性和耗能性能。试验表明，利用薄钢板剪力墙在低周往复荷载作用下的刚度、承载力、延性和耗能性能。试验表明，利用薄钢板剪力墙作为抗侧力构件是可行的。在钢筋混凝土框架中设置薄钢板可有效地增加刚度，承载力和耗能性能。     

金沙江干热河谷土地荒漠化评价方法研究

什么样的退化土地才是荒漠化土地，土地荒漠化的发生发展以及程度和区别等问题的定量确定，至今有关报道甚少。干热河谷是我国西南地区特殊的生态环境类型，自然资源丰富，但土地荒漠化问题十分突出，这一现象的定量认识尤为重要。针对土地景观生态系统的复杂和模糊性，在建立评价指标的基础上，采用模糊综合评判的方法，对土地荒漠化程度进行定量评价，为荒漠化土地的预防和防治提供科学依据和决策支持。     

贵州寒武系底部黑色硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨

贵州寒武系底部形成的黑色层状硅质岩，岩石展布广，层位稳定，厚度较大。硅质岩的δ^30Si值为—0．1‰～0．9‰，平均0．314‰；δ^18O值为12．8‰～21．2‰，通过δ^18O值计算出该区硅质岩形成温度82．2～162．5℃；硅质岩富含Ba、As、Sb、Bi和U，呈明显的Ce负异常。硅质岩的地球化学特征表明其主要成因是热水沉积作用。同时由于硅质岩主要是热水来源，所以在讨论其形成环境时还结合了岩相古地理的方法，指出该套硅质岩形成于深水缓坡至浅水滞流海环境之中。     

Z油田低阻油层影响因素分析

通过对Y油田和Z油田电阻率影响因素对电阻率的影响对比，分析了Z油田低阻的原因及各影响因素影响程度。