石家庄樱桃低温冻害天气指数保险纯费率的厘定

利用典型樱桃园区2018—2020年物候观测数据及相近区域气象观测站气温数据、2006—2020年国家自动气象观测站气温数据,确定了低温冻害研究时段,并按照积温(Growing Degree Days, GDD)模型划分了樱桃生育期气象指标,参照QX/T 88—2008作物霜冻害等级中樱桃不同生育期低温冻害指标,构建了以日最低气温、日平均气温、持续时间构成的低温冻害指数模型,进而建立了低温冻害指数与减产率线性回归模型;通过对比分析泊松分布、信息扩散方法、正态分布、韦伯分布4种概率分布模型在樱桃低温冻害指数分布中的适用检验,选取通过卡方拟合优度检验且差值标准差最小的信息扩散方法模型,厘定了石家庄露天樱桃低温冻害天气指数在不同触发条件下的保险纯费率,最高为2.045%,最低为0.173%。研究表明：在数据量较小的情况下,信息扩散方法模型的分布形态更加符合真实的概率分布形态,为尚未开展长序列观测的农作物天气指数保险产品的设计提供了理论思考。     

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条斑紫菜冷冻前不同处理对细胞活性的影响

将新鲜幼嫩条斑紫菜叶状体在不同温度和通风状态下,干燥处 理后冻存于-20℃冰箱中。30d后酶解成单细胞,检查其活性和再生能力。结果表明,条斑紫 菜含水量为81.8%,在含水35%时冻藏可保持最大的活性。适宜的含水量范围是30%～40%。冷 冻前含水量高于40%时,复苏后细胞外观虽然正常,但酶解后存活率低,发育迟缓;冷冻前 含水量低于30%时,复苏后在叶状体上可见成片细胞死亡,色素弥散,形成红色斑块。酶解 后细胞死亡率高。阴干处理期间,温度的变化(10℃～25℃)对冷冻后的紫菜细胞活力没有明 显影响。     

火用分析在连续冻结隧道制冷系统优化配置中的应用

同样速冻能力的连续冻结隧道装置可以有不同的供冷系统配置。从节能的角度出发,对连续冻结隧道装置所配制冷系统的两种方案进行火用分析比较。结果表明,在采用双蒸发温度系统的配置中,冻结隧道装置有效能效率提高了3.14%,单位耗功和由于温差传热引起火用损失率分别下降了18.22%和27.22%,系统达到明显的节能效果。     

饱和颗粒正冻土-维刚性冰模型的数值模拟

基于刚性冰模型，应用有限差分法离散方程组，对于饱和颗粒土开放系统的冻结过程进行了一维数值模拟，给出了冻结缘内参数的分布．计算过程中修正了刚性冰模型中分凝冰产生条件，提出以冻结缘内冰压与载荷的关系作为分凝冰产生的判据，计算得到的冻胀量与实验室冻胀实验的测量数据较为吻合．将计算结果与现场实测资料进行了比较，温度场、含水量分布等结果在分布规律方面与现场实测资料相符．     

Spatial patterns of ice storm disturbance on a forested landscape in the Appalachian Mountains, Virginia

Ice storms (major freezing rain events) periodically disturb forests in eastern North America. The damage may vary spatially, especially in complex terrain. This study uses satellite imagery to investigate spatial heterogeneity of forest damage caused by ice storms that affected the Appalachian Mountains, Virginia during 1994. The results display a region-scale (southwest-to-northeast) gradient in damage that apparently corresponds to a gradient in the depth of ice that accumulated during the storms. Damage also varied topographically, particularly by aspect. Damage was most extensive on east-, southeast- and south-facing slopes; at middle elevations; and on slopes of moderate steepness.     

均质多面体重磁异常正演计算表达式的一致性

根据重力位、重力异常、磁位和磁异常公式,应用泊松关系,通过严格的公式推导,给出了重力位、重力异常、磁位和磁异常之间的数学关系,从而使重磁异常正演计算表达式包含于简单的规则之中,揭示出均质多面体重磁异常正演理论的一致性。     

劈裂式灌浆技术在中小型水库除险加固工程中的应用

文章通过对劈裂式灌浆机理的分析,针对各类坝型的特点,从施工方法、灌浆工艺、灌浆参数等方面分别分析了劈裂式灌浆技术在粘土心墙坝、均质风化料坝、砂土坝、石碴坝等坝型中的应用及高水位条件下的灌浆效果,得出结论:劈裂式灌浆技术通过改良施工工艺和浆液比重,可加快施工进度,提高浆脉厚度至20~30cm,具有较高的应用价值。     

上海某隧道人工地层冻结工程现场实测研究

针对理论研究和冻结工程的实际需要,结合上海某隧道人工地层冻结工程实践,对土体冻结过程中温度、应力、地表变形及土体分层位移进行了现场测试,并分别对测试结果进行了归纳整理和规律性研究;最后综合分析得出了几点结论和看法。     

Mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glaciers and basal fluxes beneath their flowbands on Amery Ice Shelf

We used in situ measurements and remote-sensing data sets to evaluate the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glaciers and the basal melting and freezing rates beneath their flowbands on the Amery Ice Shelf. Our findings show the Lambert and Mellor Glaciers upstream of the ANARE Lambert Glacier Basin (LGB) traverse may have positive imbalances of 3.9±2.1 Gt a-1 and 2.1±2.4 Gt a-1, respectively, while the Fisher Glacier is approximately in balance. The upstream region as a whole has a positive imbalance of 5.9±4.9 Gt a-1. The three same glaciers downstream of the ANARE LGB traverse line are in negative imbalance, where the whole downstream region has a negative imbalance of -8.5±5.8 Gt a-1. Overall the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor, and Fisher Glaciers are close to bal-ance, and the collective three-glacier system is also nearly in balance with a mass budget of -2.6±6.5 Gt a-1. The significant positive imbalances for the interior basin upstream of the ice-movement stations established in the early 1970s (GL line) reported previously are possibly due to an overestimate of the total accumulation and an underestimate of the ice flux through the GL line. The mean melting rate is -23.0±3.5 m ice a-1 near the southern grounding line, which decreases rapidly downstream, and transitions to refreezing at around 300 km from the southern extremity of the Amery Ice Shelf. Freezing rates along the flowbands are around 0.5±0.1 to 1.5±0.2 m ice a-1. The per-centage of ice lost from the interior by basal melting beneath the flowbands is about 80%±5%. The total basal melting and refreezing beneath the three flowbands is 50.3±7.5 Gt ice a-1 and 7.0±1.1 Gt ice a-1, respectively. We find a much larger total basal melting and net melting than the results for the whole Amery Ice Shelf derived from previous modeling and oceanographic measurements.