2008-2015年北京高速公路道面结冰特征分析

道面结冰是北京地区高速公路交通安全的主要危害因素。利用北京地区2008-2015年28个ROSA交通气象站的结冰数据分析了北京地区高速公路道面结冰的基本特征。结果表明：（1）北京市高速公路道面结冰空间差异显著,不同高速公路结冰特征显著不同,同一高速公路不同路段结冰特征也明显不同,这与高速公路各路段局地气候存在差异有关。（2）道面结冰主要发生在北部和东部高速公路所在路段,以小汤山西桥站、顾家庄桥站、六道口桥站和丁各庄桥站道面结冰灾害最为严重。冬季道面结冰月变化显著,11月和3月,结冰次数较少,结冰持续时间短;12月、1月和2月结冰次数多,结冰持续时间长。（3）持续时间越长的结冰过程结冰次数越少。不同持续时间的结冰过程在各时段的结冰次数和累积结冰时长均存在明显差异,两者在各时刻的演变特征基本相同,峰值均出现在22：00,且在00：00之后呈明显减少趋势。（4）大部分站点慢车道比快车道更容易结冰,少部分站点快、慢车道结冰率近似,有的站点甚至快车道结冰率远高于慢车道。快、慢车道水或覆盖物厚度与交通站点所处位置的局地气象条件密切相关。（5）气温、道面温度和大地温度与水或覆盖物的厚度变化呈反相位,即温度越低,水或覆盖物的厚度越大。这可为北京地区道面结冰预报预警方法的开展提供着眼点和依据。     

交通荷载作用下深基坑支护结构稳定性分析

以沈阳华府二期深基坑工程为主要研究对象,研究道路交通荷载对于在建深基坑支护结构的稳定性的影响。通过改变影响基坑稳定性的交通荷载系数及支护结构相关参数,以有限元软件ADINA为计算工具对基坑进行多次数值模拟,得出各参数的改变与支护结构变形之间的关系,并通过与实际现场检测数据进行对比,得到一系列的结论,发现在城市道路交通荷载作用下,主要影响因素为大量交通车辆的运行所产生的静载(包括车辆载重、交通量道路距基坑的距离)与震动产生动载以及基坑本身的自身特性的影响,对基坑支护结构方案的优化有一定的指导意义。     

云南元-磨公路某高堑坡灾害发生机制及防治对策

论文根据现场地质调查,应用地质力学分析方法,分析了元-磨公路K235 160~600段高堑坡地质条件、病害发生机制和诱发因素。堑坡所在区域位于红河深大断裂与哀牢山深大断裂所夹持的哀牢山褶皱带内,属强烈侵蚀切割的低中山区,河流下切严重,河流阶地不发育。南溪河及其支流小曼萨河、叉河依附于不同时期生成的构造发育而成,堑坡位于小曼萨河注入南溪河的交汇部位小曼萨河的左岸。小曼萨河及南溪河所夹持的山体,尤其是堑坡所在的部位,已严重破碎、松弛,岩石似大块石堆垒状,坡面上的树木均明显地向小曼萨河方向倾倒。经地质力学配套分析,堑坡所依附的山梁形成于红河深大断裂生成期(γ4),堑坡岩体受多期构造活动的作用,其中NW65/°SW64°及NW63/°SW35°两组倾向临空的构造面控制坡体的稳定。堑坡具备发生变形破坏的地质条件,分析认为由于组成坡体的岩土强度不足而引起既有构造面的大型坍塌。连续降雨及温差是诱发因素。基于目前国内边坡防治技术、施工能力,提出了以“治”或“避”为主的防治对策。     

高速公路砂井地基固结度时空变化规律探讨

软基固结度时空变化规律的研究对解决高速公路软基沉降预测问题具有十分重要的意义。本文在讨论固结度时空变化的实质与计算方法的基础上，结合京珠高速公路广珠段某软基试验资料，初步探讨了高速公路砂井地基固结度的时空变化规律，特别提出固结的滞后效应及其对固结沉降曲线形态的影响，并简要讨论了砂井直径和间距对固结度的影响，认为软基沉降中地下水微观动力学过程的研究将有助于揭示固结度时空变化规律。     

全国公路网差分GPS数据采集软件的设计

介绍了全国公路网差分GPS数据采集软件主要模块中的算法和流程 ,包括差分GPS定位算法、载波相位平滑算法、地物属性纪录、计算机时间与GPS接收机时间的同步、地物匹配及偏心改正算法等。     

GPS道路修测系统在中国公路网测绘工程中的应用

本文介绍了车载式GPS道路修测系统的基本原理和体系结构，详细讲述了该系统在“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”的应用。“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”是由多家部门共同参与的大型道路测绘项目，目的是解决现有公路网数据库现势性差的问题。文中结合“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”重点阐述了修测系统中几个关键技术的实现方法，最后给出了修测系统在该工程中的使用效果。     

Seismic demand models for probabilistic risk analysis of near fault vertical ground motion effects on ordinary highway bridges

The influence of vertical ground motions on the seismic response of highway bridges is not very well understood. Recent studies suggest that vertical ground motions can substantially increase force and moment demands on bridge columns and girders and cannot be overlooked in seismic design of bridge structures. For an evaluation of vertical ground motion effects on the response of single‐bent two‐span highway bridges, a systematic study combining the critical engineering demand parameters (EDPs) and ground motion intensity measures (IMs) is required. Results of a parametric study examining a range of highway bridge configurations subjected to selected sets of horizontal and vertical ground motions are used to determine the structural parameters that are significantly amplified by the vertical excitations. The amplification in these parameters is modeled using simple equations that are functions of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations at the corresponding horizontal and vertical fundamental periods of the bridge. This paper describes the derivation of seismic demand models developed for typical highway overcrossings by incorporating critical EDPs and combined effects of horizontal and vertical ground motion IMs depending on the type of the parameter and the period of the structure. These models may be used individually as risk‐based design tools to determine the probability of exceeding the critical levels of EDP for pre‐determined levels of ground shaking or may be included explicitly in probabilistic seismic risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zinc, Lead and Cadmium Content in Meadow Plants and Mosses Along the M3 Motorway (Hungary)

The heavy metal content was investigated in meadow plants located in a cultivated area and situated along the M3 motorway (Hungary). In addition to the meadow plants used as passive bioindicators, active bioindicators were also exposed to examine the accumulation rate of air pollutants. Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Geartn. ssp. ruralis was applied to monitor the status of the environment. Meadow plant samples were collected at distances of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m from the motorway and moss samples were exposed at the same distances. The zinc, lead and cadmium content of meadow plants and moss samples were analysed by ICP spectrophotometry. It was found that the zinc, lead and cadmium contents of the meadow plants decreased as the distance increased from the motorway. There was a significant difference even between values measured at the distances of 5 m and 10 m. The heavy metal contents in the moss samples exceeded those of the meadow plants. The heavy metal content in moss samples decreased with distance from the motorway. On comparing the data with Hungarian standards, it was found that measured values did not exceed the maximum allowed concentration levels.     

高精度直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建勘测中的应用可行性研究

机载LiDAR在公路勘测方面的用途日益广泛。该文对直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建中的应用技术路线可行性进行了研究论证,从地面控制测量、点云数据获取、点云数据处理、成果应用等多个方面进行了阐述,通过分析LiDAR点云数据在5种不同地面控制点布设方案校正下的点云数据精度,论证了利用地面控制点对直升机机载LiDAR点云数据进行平面和高程校正的可行性。