养殖密度、水层和养殖地点对马氏珠母贝选育群体生长存活的影响

用通过壳高定向选择培育的第三代马氏珠母贝Pinctada martensii为实验材料,研究不同的养殖密度、养殖水层和地点对生长和存活的影响。实验结果表明在一定试验范围内养殖密度对体重增长有显著影响（p<0.05）,高密度组（200只/笼）的生长较低密度组慢,密度与水层对生长无明显的交互作用。水层对生长的影响不显著（p>0.05）,但对存活率的影响明显,2m水位的存活率较高,且水层与养殖密度间有交互作用。不同地点的贝的生长无显著性差异（p>0.05）。该研究结果将为珍珠贝优良品种（系）养殖技术的优化和品种推广体系的建立提供指导。     

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长江三峡巫山下沱遗址环境考古

对长江三峡巫山下沱遗址考古进行了研究,揭示了本区古沉积环境变化以及古洪水情况。根据考古器物排比法研究,遗址剖面为商周以来的沉积地层。磁化率和孢粉综合分析结果表明商周、汉代末期、唐宋文化层磁化率值较高,孢粉组合以木本和草本植物为主,有少量的蕨类植物,并有淡水藻类出现,木本主要为青冈属、芸香科、忍冬属、桃金娘科和朴属等,反映气候温暖湿润,有助于古文化的发展和兴盛。     

中国海洋重大科技基础设施建设成效及思考

海洋重大科技基础设施是为在海洋科学技术前沿取得重大突破, 解决经济社会发展和国家安全中的战略性、基础性和前瞻性科技问题而建设的大型复杂科学研究系统。本文介绍了中国科学考察船、海底观测网、潜水器等海洋领域重大科技基础设施的建设情况, 对海洋重大科技基础设施建设成效和当前存在的问题进行了分析。当前海洋重大科技基础设施支撑能力明显提升, 综合效益日益显现, 但仍存在统筹谋划不足、国产化水平有待提升、开放共享机制不够健全和人才队伍建设有待加强等问题。基于上述问题, 提出要统筹谋划海洋重大科技基础设施建设, 建立健全开放共享机制, 同时还要加强专业人才队伍建设, 确保设施稳定高效运行。     

Landslides at Qingjiang River in the Downstream Area of Shuibuya Dam Site, China

INTRODUCTIONLandslides annually cause a great amount of cas-ualties withinthe Chinese population and great lossesin the Chinese economy . The number of casualtiesreached 232 killed and 2 missing people in 2003 and283 killed and 69 missing people in 2004 . The eco-nomic losses amount to a total of 730 billion US $in2003 and 475 billion US $in 2004 (Zanetti ,2005 ,2004) .The DAAD (German Academic Exchange Serv-ice) is financing a project to investigate landslides .The project is a coo…     

甘肃省阿克塞5.5级地震震害调查与启示

2021年8月26日甘肃省酒泉市阿克塞哈萨克族自治县（38.88°N, 95.50°E）发生5.5级地震,震源深度15 km,震中烈度为Ⅶ度,震区总面积为1 352 km2,距震中30 km处存在烈度异常点。本次地震震害较轻,未造成人员伤亡,经济损失较轻。本文从地震应急响应、现场震害调查、建筑物破坏情况调研、烈度评定、灾害损失评估等方面对本次地震震害特点进行分析总结,对造成震害的致灾因素进行深入分析,得出震害经验和相应的防震减灾启示,以便本地区查找防震减灾不利因素,进而采取属地化措施,尽可能减轻未来地震灾害损失。     

Use of a land surface model to evaluate the observed soil moisture of grassland at the Tongyu reference site

A land surface model driven by the continuous three-year observed meteorological data with a time interval of 30 minutes at the Tongyu station, a reference site of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period （CEOP）, was used to evaluate the observation bias of soil moisture （SM） data and analyze the variation of SM at different time scales. The saline-alkaline soil of the grassland at the Tongyu site makes the measured SM too high, especially in boreal summer of 2003-05. The simulated annual mean SM has the lowest value in 2004 and its three-year variation corresponds to the change of precipitation, whereas the observation shows the increasing trend from 2003 to 2005. Compared to the variation range between -60% and 40% for the anomaly percentage of the simulated daily mean SM during May-October of 2004, the measured data show the higher values more than 40%. The magnitude of the variation trend of the observed daily mean SM in 2003 and 2005 is generally consistent with the simulation. The largest deficiency for the soil moisture observation of the grassland is the overestimated value in the drought year with less precipitation. The simulated monthly mean SM has the lowest value in March due to the large contribution of evaporation relative to precipitation and this phenomenon can not be reproduced in the observation.     

Methane adsorption in the low–middle-matured Neoproterozoic Xiamaling marine shale in Zhangjiakou,Hebei

The adsorption capacity of high–over-matured shale has been widely investigated, but the adsorption capacity and the main factors influencing low–middle-matured, type II kerogen-containing, and organic-rich marine shale have been rarely explored. This research conducts organic geochemistry, mineralogical composition, adsorption isotherm tests to reveal the adsorption and main influencing factors of the different geochemistry characteristics, mineralogical compositions, temperature and pressure conditions of the low–middle-matured Neoproterozoic Xiamaling marine shale in Zhangjiakou, Hebei. The investigated shale is in a low–middle maturity stage, contains type II kerogen and is rich in organic matter. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Xiamaling shale is positively correlated with the methane adsorption capacity, which is the most important influencing factor on the adsorptive property of shale. The methane adsorption capacity first decreases to the minimum value as the temperature reaches 360°C equivalent Ro (EqRo = 1.0%), then increases and reaches the maximum value at 620°C (EqRo = 3.28%) and finally decreases again as the temperature rises at the last simulation stage. The mineral components exhibit an insignificant influence on the methane absorbability because of organic-matter coatings. The TOC-normalised methane adsorption capacity is positively correlated with the illite–smectite and clay-mineral contents but shows no significant correlation with brittle minerals, such as quartz. Soluble organic matter and kerogen caused the methane dissolution and adsorbtion, respectively. The strong dissolution property of the soluble organic matter is the most important cause of the larger adsorption capacity of the original shale compared with that of the residual samples. Moreover, the methane adsorption capacity of the Xiamaling shale decreases with increasing temperature, and increases with pressure below the critical pressure but decreases exceeding the critical pressure.     

山西襄汾敬村沟更新统剖面磁性地层学研究及其与丁村组的对比

对山西襄汾敬村更新统剖面黄土—古土壤的系统古地磁学研究表明,磁化率曲线与洛川黄土—古土壤磁化率标准曲线有较好的对应关系。这种对应关系由极性测量结果进一步证实。根据这一对应关系可推断,敬村剖面底部微红土及其下的砂砾层年代应老于1000ka。这一研究结果也可与距其1km外具有类似接触关系、年代有争议的丁村遗址进行磁性地层学对比。