The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.     

高密度采集地震资料对缝洞型储层预测精度的影响分析

四川盆地蜀南地区下二叠统茅口组缝洞型储层具有强烈的非均质性特征,而且埋藏相对较深,信噪比和分辨率较低,地震预测的难度大。这里通过模型正演,分析不同道距二维地震资料对茅口组单缝洞体储层的分辨能力,并且在资料处理中,研究了高密度地震资料对抑制空间假频,以及提高横向分辨率的影响,最后通过实际资料对比和速度反演,进一步分析证实了高密度采集地震资料,能够有效提高缝洞型储层的预测精度。     

高盐度湖泊艾比湖风生流三维数值模拟

根据高盐度湖泊水动力特征,以西北咸水湖泊艾比湖为例,建立三维水动力数学模型。选取典型风场,分析风力作用下的高盐度湖泊风生流形成过程以及风生流水动力参数的三维空间分布特征。结果表明,艾比湖风生流形成在时间上可分为湖水流向和风向一致阶段、湖水运动方向逐渐偏离风向的过渡阶段及环流形成的稳定阶段等3个阶段。当流场达到稳定状态时,表层水体除中部存在若干小尺度环流外,大部分水域流向与风向基本一致;而湖泊中心区域底层水体流向与表层水体的流向大致相反,表现为很明显的补偿流。总体上,水平方向的流速自表层向下呈现递减的变化趋势,岸边流速大于中心流速,表现出与淡水湖泊基本相似的水动力空间分布特征。水体盐度增加对湖泊环流结构无影响。     

东秦岭秋树湾-雁来岭两种不同类型的花岗岩及其构造意义

秋树湾铜钼矿的成矿母岩—秋树湾花岗斑岩具有高硅、高铝、高Ba、高Sr、富碱、富钾、低镁、贫钙、低稀土总量、铕异常不明显、富集大离子亲石、低Nb和Ti等特点,与苏格兰北部高Ba-Sr花岗岩类似。雁来岭花岗岩较秋树湾花岗岩具全碱指数、铝质指数、ΣREE更高,δEu异常更明显,大离子亲石元素的富集程度差等特点,与低Ba-Sr花岗岩类似。秋树湾高Ba-Sr花岗岩的产出说明该区在晚侏罗—早白垩世发生过壳幔混合作用,代表当时本区可能处于碰撞造山后的局部伸展作用的大地构造环境中。     

大陆下地壳麻粒岩的流变学研究进展

大险下地壳麻粒岩的流变学研究可以解释地壳变形、壳幔物质交换以及岩石圈深部动力学过程等科学问题.前人通过研究各矿物的显微构造变形特征与变形机制,运用广义混合流变律探讨多矿物复合岩石的流变性质,结合水与流体对岩石变形强度的弱化作用,阐明在大陆下地壳变形环境下复矿麻粒岩的塑性变形和韧性流变性质.目前人们致力于对天然变形岩石和...     

塔河油田3区石炭系超深薄层碎屑岩储层预测研究

针对塔河油田3区石炭系卡拉沙依组地震数据很难识别薄砂体的问题,对比分析了采用地震资料提频处理、分频处理、储层高分辨率敏感参数反演等不同手段得到的储层预测结果,筛选出高分辨率储层敏感参数反演作为卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段储层主要预测手段.通过探讨砂泥岩对声波时差的响应,以及对比分析自然电位、自然伽马以及补偿中子孔隙度与声波时差的关系,确定自然电位与声波时差的相关性最好,由此选取自然电位作为最佳电性敏感参数参与高分辨率敏感参数反演预测.从井点、剖面、平面等方面检验和评价高分辨率储层预测成果,结果表明其反演预测效果较好,符合塔河油田3区石炭系的储层预测要求,实现了对石炭系主力砂体空间展布的解释与描述,建立了塔河油田3区石炭系卡拉沙依组储层模型.     

Kirchhoff型高保真反偏移理论

为了使Kirchhoff型反偏移的输出结果与数值模拟结果相等,提出了一种旨在消除Kirchhoff型反偏移中所出现的振幅畸变现象的高保真反偏移方法。与常规的Kirchhoff型反偏移不同,高保真反偏移是一种与反射面有关的反射地震成像方法。因此,在高保真反偏移中首先要确定反射面的位置,其次要确定振幅畸变因子的数值,最后要根据在反射点上振幅畸变因子恒等于1这一事实进行振幅畸变校正。在具体实施过程中,为了求出反射点的空间位置和振幅畸变因子的具体数值,采用四重加权叠加法,即在一次反偏移运算中同时采用一个单位加权函数和三个非单位加权函数。其中,非单位加权函数由常规的真振幅加权函数和用于建立Kircohhoff型反偏移算子的全局坐标系中的水平坐标组成。通过在四个反偏移场之间进行比值运算,可以达到提取反射点坐标和振幅畸变因子的目的。一旦得到反射点坐标和振幅畸变因子的具体数值,就可以通过简单的除法消除掉振幅畸变因子对反偏移像场振幅的影响。     

城市景观遥感影像融合质量对小波基选取的响应

应用IHS和小波变换结合的融合算法时,小波基的选取是影响融合图像质量的关键,而且包含不同地物信息的影像融合质量对小波基的响应特征有待深入探讨。该文以SPOT全色和多光谱影像为数据源,选取大量高、低密度建筑城市景观影像样本,用信息量、平均梯度和偏差指数3个指标定量评价融合质量,分析不同小波簇下两类融合图像之间的质量差异。研究表明:融合质量与影像所含地物特征密切相关;相对于其它小波簇,rbioNr.Nd表现出较强的变异性;两类融合图像在各小波簇上的波动性差异明显,并呈分段特征;根据质量需求和具体景观特征影像,可以在分解层数固定的情况下选取最佳小波基,以获取高质量融合图像。     

NNFFC-adaptive output feedback trajectory tracking control for a surface ship at high speed

An adaptive output feedback controller based on neural network feedback-feedforward compensator (NNFFC) which drives a surface ship at high speed to track a desired trajectory is designed. The tracking problem of the surface ship at low speed has been widely investigated. However, the coupling interactions among the forces from each degree of freedom (DOF) have not been considered in general. Furthermore, the influence of the hydrodynamic damping is also simplified into a linear form or neglected. On the contrary, coupling interactions and the nonlinear characteristics of the hydrodynamic damping can never be neglected in high speed maneuvering situation. For these reasons, the influence of the nonlinear hydrodynamic damping on the tracking precision is considered in this paper. Since the hydrodynamic coefficients of the surface ship at high speed are very difficult to be accurately estimated as a prior, it will be compensated by NNFFC as an unknown part of the tracking dynamics system. The stability analysis will be given by the Lyapunov theory. It indicates that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB), and numerical simulations can illustrate the excellent tracking performance of the surface ship at high speed under the proposed control scheme.     

深水高弯度水道-堤岸沉积体系形态及特征

在海底扇研究及油气勘探中,不断发现一种形态类似曲流河的高弯度水道-堤岸沉积体系,其在形态及沉积特征方面与海底扇有较大差异.在国内外研究成果的基础上,结合对重力流的实际研究工作,对该体系的沉积模式及沉积特征等开展了进一步的研究,并从沉积环境、流体类型、形态等方面与曲流河进行比较.深水高弯度水道-堤岸沉积体系主要包括水道、...