典型融雪期雪层融雪水出流条件模拟及分析

融雪期雪层融雪水的运移及流出过程模拟乃是国际冰雪水文学研究的难点之一,准确模拟融雪水的出流过程对于春季融雪型洪水的预报具有重要作用。本研究基于EM50、农业小环境监测仪和一些常规监测手段,获取了典型融雪期雪层的雪粒径、雪深及日气温数据,利用Excel、DPS、Arcgis及SPSS等分析软件对数据进行综合处理,并采用回归分析对融雪水的出流条件进行了建模分析,利用神经网络模型对模拟结果进行检验。结果表明:积温可作为融雪水外流的参考性指标,用于融雪水外流过程的预测分析;雪粒径和雪深都与融雪水外流积温条件存在显著相关性,且相关系数0.96;逐步回归可以很好地模拟融雪水外流的积温条件,模拟的误差仅为124.5℃·min,时间误差为15 min,模拟效果良好。该研究对于进一步探讨融雪期雪层融雪水的出流规律、开展雪层融雪水运移过程的数值模拟等工作具有重要意义。     

湖南怀化盆地岩溶发育特征与分布规律

怀化盆地位于沅麻盆地和雪峰山冲断带2个构造单元接触带上,区内地质构造条件复杂,岩溶强烈发育。文章以区内碳酸盐岩为研究对象,通过资料收集、野外调查、钻探以及测试等工作手段分析空间上的地层、岩性组合特征,从岩溶形态、地层与岩性、构造条件、侵蚀基准面、地貌与水动力条件、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带六个方面,系统总结怀化盆地岩溶发育特征。结果发现：研究区以覆盖型岩溶区为主,区内各类岩溶形态发育;区内自高向低存在三个溶蚀最发育段,其标高分别为500~600 m、210~270 m以及190~210 m,分别受历史侵蚀基准面、泸阳－怀化－中方谷地局部侵蚀基准面与舞水河侵蚀基准面控制;区内各地层钻孔遇洞率一般为57.1%~61.5%,最高为87.5%;谷地内各地层岩溶发育强度依次为厚层灰岩>白云岩>红层灰砾岩>薄层灰岩,但受地貌、水动力条件影响,溶蚀构造峰脊洼区的白云岩岩溶发育明显较谷地内更为强烈;舞水河沿岸、断层带附近、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带以及山前冲洪积区等地下水交替循环强烈的地带,岩溶发育相对更为剧烈;区内岩溶强发育区主要分布于泸阳－城东新区、白沙－菜门溪一带。     

天陇铁路上倪滑坡工程地质特征分析及地质选线

在天陇铁路勘察设计工作中,发现上倪滑坡是新建天水至陇南铁路一处控制性不良地质体。本文在充分获取地质资料的基础上,从地形地貌角度出发,结合其地层岩性特征,分析了滑坡成因,认为上倪滑坡在北侧和南侧各存在一个软弱面,滑坡整体稳定性较差,尤其是滑坡北侧危险性较大。通过力学计算,显示该滑坡自然状态下能够保持相对稳定,但在地震或暴雨天气下发生滑动的可能性极大,对线路工程具有严重影响。经过对三种线路方案的综合比选,建议以深埋隧道形式从后壁通过上倪滑坡,保证工程安全性。     

新疆东昆仑古尔嘎哈拉曲哈研究区金、钨矿找矿方向和靶区圈定

叙述了新疆东昆仑古尔嘎哈拉曲哈研究区金、钨矿区域成矿带典型矿床特征和找矿标志成矿带,总结了研究区地质矿产特征、成矿地质条件、化探异常组合特征和典型矿化点特征,研究了已知矿点成矿因素、成因类型。指出了找矿方向,在含有金属硫化物等矿化,同时具有较强的硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、绢云母化等蚀变构造带、断裂带内找金、钨等矿体。优选圈定了金、钨找矿靶区。     

廊坊市工程地质问题及防治措施

在工程地质、水文地质、构造地质条件评价的基础上,讨论了廊坊市工程软土、液化土层工程地质问题的分布特征,对地基持力层进行了初步选择。在此基础之上确定地基加固措施或桩基础方法处理工程地质问题。     

An energy-controlling boundary condition for partial wave reflections in the mild slope equation

An energy-controlling technique to actively manage the reflective property of waves from solid boundary is presented. As linear waves propagate through an energy-controlling area, a reduction in wave heights occurs due to energy dissipation, which can be placed under direct control through the imaginary part of the wavenumber and phase velocity. Based on this relationship, the present study investigates a new method to control reflected waves with desired heights in the mild slope equation model. The method is validated through numerical tests for various reflection coefficients and the results confirm the promising use of energy-controlling boundary condition for partial wave reflections.     

Meridional transport of sensible heat in contrasting monsoon activity: Spherical harmonic analysis

Spherical harmonic analysis is made of the grid point values of geopotential heights at 700 mb and 300 mb levels for the months April to August for the years 1967 and 1972. The year 1967 is a good monsoon year and 1972 is a bad monsoon year in India. Meridional transport of sensible heat is obtained in wave number domain using spherical harmonic coefficients at 500 mb level form=1 to 10 andn–m=0 to 10, wherem represents the wave number round the globe andn–m gives the numbers of zero points from north pole to south pole excluding the poles themselves.Large northward transports of sensible heat in the month of May and in the monsoon months at the subtropics are characteristic of bad monsoon. Wave 1 transports sensible heat southward (forn–m=0) and wave 2 transports sensible heat northward (forn–m=4). Strengthening of wave 1 is conducive to good monsoon year and strengthening of wave 2 is conducive to bad monsoon year. These are the same features obtained in Fourier analysis. The contrasting features exist in waves 1 and 2 both in good and in bad monsoon and are better defined in the present analysis than in the Fourier analysis of the earlier study. However, waves 1 and 2 reveal clearer contrast in the present analysis than in the Fourier analysis. Bad monsoon activity is associated with large divergence of heart at subtropics and large convergence of heat at extra tropics.     

云南鹤庆北衙金多金属矿床成矿地质条件

鹤庆北衙金多金属矿床位于德格—中甸陆块、巴颜喀拉—扬子陆块与昌都—思茅陆块三个Ⅰ级构造单元结合部东侧。成矿作用主要受北衙组灰岩、喜山期富碱斑岩、次级构造控制,由岩浆高、中、低温热液交代、蚀变、充填形成金矿床。岩体的接触带、蚀变斑岩体内的构造破碎带、围岩内的层间滑脱带和陡倾斜断裂是重要的赋矿场所。     

攀西古裂谷地区深部热流

在实测地表大地热流、岩石放射性元素含量以及生热率的基础上,作者计算了攀西古裂谷地区的深部热流值(q_r)及地壳上部放射性元素富集层厚度(D),即分别为38.4mw/m~2和15.7km。与世界上其它地区相比,本区具有较高的深部热流值和较大的D值。笔者进一步阐明,较大的D值是攀西古裂谷地区地壳分异程度差在地热上的反映,而较高的q_r值表明本区来自地壳深处上地幔的热量比较大,这与攀西古裂谷地区的整个地质发展历史相一致。