In situ thermal conductivity and equilibrium formation temperature from circulation flow rate variations

A temperature-transient method to estimatein situ formation thermal conductivity and equilibrium formation temperature using circulation fluid flow-rate pulses is described. Flow-rate changes induce temperature variations in the well and the time from when the flow alters to the subsequent maximum or minimum temperature of the drilling fluid can be used to determine these two formation parameters. Some examples are presented to illustrate the method.     

Constrains on gravity wave induced diffusion in the middle atmosphere

A review of the important constraints on gravity wave induced diffusion of chemical tracers, heat, and momentum is given. Ground-based microwave spectroscopy measurements of H₂O and CO and rocket-based mass spectrometer measurements of Ar constrain the eddy diffusion coefficient for constituent transport (K _zz ) to be (1–3)×10⁵ cm²s^–1 in the upper mesosphere. Atomic oxygen data also limitsK _zz to a comparable value at the mesopause. From the energy balance of the upper mesosphere the eddy diffusion coefficient for heat transport (D _H ) is, at most 6×10⁵ cm²s^–1 at the mesopause and decreasing substantially with decreasing altitude. The available evidence for mean wind deceleration and the corresponding eddy diffusion coefficient for momentum stresses (D _M ) suggests that it is at least 1×10⁶ cm²s^–1, in the upper mesosphere. Consequently the eddy Prandtl number for macroscopic scale lengths is >3.     

西藏中部地热区的钻孔热流测量

1985年以来,在西藏中部的羊八井、拉多岗和羊应乡等地热区测得了一批传导型或传导-对流型钻孔热流值。来自羊八井深部温度场的信息,提供了量级为83—108mW/m²的传导热流;在拉多岗和羊应乡分别获得了185mW/m²和194mW/m²两个传导-对流型热流数据。它们为阐明喜马拉雅地热带形成的深部热背景和浅层地壳热源结构提供了有用的信息。     

Latent and sensible heat fluxes under active and weak phases of the summer monsoon of 1986

An analysis of the meteorological data collected by the research vessel ORV Sagarkanya for the mean latent and sensible heat fluxes over the Arabian Sea has indicated appreciable changes between active and weak phases of the southwest monsoon of 1986. We suggest that: (a) the presence of a core of low level winds associated with the Somali jet and its southward shift during the season, along with (b) a ridge in surface pressure over the central Arabian Sea could be responsible for the deficit in monsoon rainfall along the west coast of India in 1986.     

Properties of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in Europe with a view toward earth conductivity

Over the past 20 years the study ofP- andS-wave velocities in the upper mantle of the Mediterranean area and continental Europe has been the subject of intensive research work. We present a summary of results based on the inversion of available surface-wave dispersion data andP-wave trave time observations. For areas characterized by different tectonic settings and very large lateral variations, a discussion is made about structural models based on seismological, geothermal and electrical conductivity data.     

热泵在多年冻土地区工程中的应用

The inclement climate and permafrost have a strong influence on human activities and life in cold regions. It is important to adjust to these conditions in such a way as to minimize adverse environmental impacts. In order to maintain the ecological equilibrium, various technologies have been developed which involve the use of the natural cold for solving difficult engineering problems. Heat pumps hold much promise in this context. They can help protect the environment from the thermal effects of human activities and, unlike the conventional refrigeration devices; the produced heat can be utilized. They also provide a solution to another problem vitally important for the northern regions - saving of fuel and energy resources. In case of global warming with an increasing need for artificial refrigeration, the use of heat pumps will be the most economical solution, preventing catastrophic loss of structural stability virtually without additional costs.     

地源热泵技术应用及施工方法的研究

地源热泵(Geothermal Source Heat Pump—GSHP)在当今世界地热能源开发利用方面发展得最为迅速，也是我国直接利用地热资源最有前景的一个领域。讨论了地源热泵的经济性、环保性和技术可行性，介绍了其钻井、完井及地下换热器的安装等施工方法及该技术在我国的发展现状，并对其远景进行了展望。最后指出，应加强国际合作以促进地源热泵在我国的应用与推广。     

春季青藏高原感热异常对长江中下游夏季降水影响的初步研究

探讨了春季青藏高原感热的分布特征，对高原地区地-气温差与感热的合成分析表明，长江中下游地区旱涝年春季高原近地层热力结构分布呈显著差异；统计分析与数值模拟试验也证实了春季高原下垫面感热南北非均匀异常分布，对长江中下游地区夏季降水存在着显著影响，即春季高原下垫面感热非均匀异常分布特征可能是长江中下游地区夏季旱涝的“强信号”之一。