云南春季冰雹、大风天气的中尺度扰动特征

应用Ｂａｒｎｕｓ带通滤波方法,对１９９７年春季两次发生在滇南的冰雹、大风天气进行滤波分析,结果表明：冰雹大风发生前,昆明准确止锋附近低层有中尺度的扰动波列通过,风雹地区包括一个上升运动中和下沉运动中心。     

爆炸防雹中的云微物理机制的探讨

在综合实验和观测结果的基础上 ,提出了能形成大雹的雹胚 ,在它运行增长中常会有一个下伸到 0℃层以下融化 ,又再进入主上升气流区上升到 0℃层以上再次冻结的过程。发生这一过程的位置是雹云的悬挂回波所在的冰雹胚胎帘区的底部 ,如果在这个位置利用爆炸引起由雹胚融化而形成的液滴破碎 ,会改变大雹的运行轨迹 ,从而抑制大雹的形成。同时还利用数值模式模拟研究了该机制 ,结果表明该机制是合理的。     

多单体冰雹云降雹过程特征

１９９５年６月１４日辽宁省中南部一次多单体冰雹云降雹形成于冷锋系统，先后在４个地区降雹。当冰雹云在ＰＰＩ上回波强度大于６０ｄＢｚ，回波顶部出现Ｖ形并且在ＲＨＩ上回波宽度大于２０ｋｍ时，将出现降雹。     

人工防雹效果差异分析

满城防雹１０个期间，从该县山区，平原雹灾面积的变化来看，虽然都有明显的效果、但却有明显的差异。造成这种差异的原因是多方面的，可能有自然的因素，但更重要的可能是人工防雹作业时机的差异。     

防雹作业效果的多单体对比分析

防雹效果检验问题仍然是人影工作的技术难题。针对2006年4月12日龙岩市长汀防雹作业过程，利用实施防雹作业的一个单体作业前后回波特征变化和同时出现的两个未作业单体自然发展情况进行对比分析，认为实施火箭防雹作业后效果明显，强回波中心逐渐减弱、回波面积加大并未出现冰雹，有效地保护了下游区域免遭冰雹袭击。     

聊城市冰雹天气的气候特征及短时临近预报

利用聊城市近40 a的冰雹资料,分析了冰雹发生的时空分布特征,并综合利用雷达回波、自动站等资料,建立了短时、临近预报系统,实现了冰雹灾害天气的定时、定点、定量预报。     

Pilot project for intensive surveillance of hail events in Terres de Ponent (Lleida)

Hail is one of the most fearsome meteorological phenomena for agricultural areas. The harvest of the whole year can be destroyed in only a few minutes. A pilot project to characterise hail events and identify hail with the help of radar observations is described in this paper. This pilot project was carried out in Terres de Ponent, an area of about 200,000 ha in Lleida (Catalonia), in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula.The aim of the project was to characterise hail events, directly by radiosounding data and radar images, and indirectly by the evaluation of the radiosonde forecasted by the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Mesoscale Atmospheric Simulation System (MASS) and several instability indices. In the first stage of the project several instability indices were calculated during the 5 months of the campaign and a comparison of these indices with those obtained with radiosounding data from Barcelona and Zaragoza was performed. An operative image of the probability of hail distribution in Catalonia (every 6 min, hourly and daily) was also made using the Waldvogel method for its detection. As a starting point, an empirical fit of POH (probability of hail) obtained recently in the Netherlands (POH = 0.319 + 0.133·ΔH, where ΔH is the difference between the 45 dBZ echo top height from radar image and the isozero forecast). Complementary to this, to detect the hail at the beginning of spring, the process was repeated with the 35 dBZ echo top.In a second stage of the project, the calculated POH was compared with the hail events measured by 171 hailpads of the observational network of the Agrupació de Defensa Vegetal (ADV) of Terres de Ponent and a new fit of the POH formula was obtained. It was also the aim of this second stage to validate the forecasted radiosoundings by the NWP MASS model in Lleida and Barcelona. Finally, a comparison between the radiosounding data from Barcelona, Lleida and Zaragoza was made to verify which radiosounding (Barcelona or Zaragoza) is more representative of the Lleida area.     

再议青藏高原东北边缘及毗邻地区人工防雹消雹工作的意义

从青藏高原东北边缘及毗邻地区特殊的地域、气候背景和该地域降雹的特点出发,结合目前国内外冰雹研究的现状和趋势,阐述了在该地域加强冰雹和冰雹云研究的必要性,指出了在当地从事本项研究的注重问题和研究方向。     

AMDAR资料在天气预报中的应用

使用国内的AMDAR资料对几次重大天气过程进行了动力和热力学分析研究。结果表明：飞机在航站上起降时探测的高时空分辨率的AMDAR资料与其它资料结合能够较连续地监视机场附近气象要素的时空变化特征，进而捕捉到一些常规观测资料难于发现的引发冰雹等强对流天气的中尺度天气系统。该资料对稳定性天气大雾的定点分析和预报，较之常规观测资料有更好的业务使用价值。该资料不仅可为制作定点的临近和短时预报提供精细的预报依据，而且可在一定程度上增强对灾害性天气的认知和预见性。     

福建春季冰雹天气物理量诊断分析

利用1980~1999年高空探测资料的合成分析,总结出福建区域性降雹的环境场特征,造成福建冰雹的天气型主要为冷切适中型、低涡冷切适中型、低涡冷切偏西型、冷切偏南型、冷切偏西型。福建春季冰雹的主要机理是冷空气与强暖湿气流相遇而引发的。高空西风槽和南支槽及其前侧的副热带急流和低空强西南气流及准静止切变线是诱发福建省春季冰雹最主要的天气系统。同时还分析总结出冰雹过程的热力条件、动力条件、水汽条件等物理量特征。冰雹过程,福建处在高能区、强位势不稳定区和水汽通量高值区,低层辐合、高层辐散的上下层配置有利于福建省对流天气发展。