粉土基质吸力的新型量测装置与土-水特征研究

以非饱和土张力计原理为基础,制作了一种新型的基质吸力量测装置,并通过实测过程的不断总结与改进,得到了一种成本低廉、制作简单、操作便利、试验快速和结果可靠的非饱和土基质吸力量测装置,以此装置测定了不同体积含水率、不同压实度和干湿循环后粉土的基质吸力变化规律,得到了不同压实度粉土的土-水特征曲线,并通过Origin软件中的Boltzmann模型进行拟合对比分析,得到了与压实度相关的土-水特征曲线,比较了不同压实度粉土的含水率变化对基质吸力的不同影响特点。试验结果表明,干湿循环对粉土的基质吸力和强度有很大影响。     

翔安海底公路隧道陆域段变形控制措施研究

翔安隧道是我国第一条大跨公路海底隧道,其两端陆域段位于富水的强风化岩层中,地质条件极为复杂。隧道施工期间,部分断面发生了较大变形,超过了预留变形量,给二次衬砌的施工造成了影响,而且过大的变形有时还会导致隧道围岩失稳,应寻求一套合理的变形控制措施。基于现场监测数据和施工记录,并结合数值方法,对隧道施工过程中所采取的工程措施的作用效果进行了研究。结果表明,增设锁脚锚管、加强临时支护及管井降水等工程措施都可以在一定程度上减小隧道支护结构的变形,但在地质条件较差的富水强风化岩层中修建大跨公路隧道时,将两种或多种工程措施的组合起来使用效果更佳。例如,在采用降水（连续墙）＋加强临时支护＋锁脚锚管的组合方案后,隧道的拱顶下沉减小了46 %～60 %,水平收敛也减小了约30 %。这些措施可为今后类似工程提供一定的参考。     

潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究

在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。     

定点形变观测的降雨干扰及排除方法研究

分析了蓟县小辛庄台形变观测资料的降雨响应特征,对观测数据的非潮汐部分分别用一般距平法去年周期、K-L直线拟合方法去线性零漂等处理,再用动态系统法[1]对预处理数据进行排除降雨干扰计算,取得了一定的效果。     

Comprehensive measurement for carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has impor-tant practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy,sustainable and stable development of this region.Ac-cording to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism,using system dynamics approaches,this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China,and through setting different development models,the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out.The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources,environment,society and economy in the city clusters.According to this model,the optimum population scale of the city clusters in2020 is 42.80×106 persons,and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055× 1012 yuan(RMB).In 1996-2020,the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics.During the studied period,it is basically at the initial development stage,and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.     

我国原位地应力测量与地应力场分析研究进展

随着我国交通、能源和水利水电等行业快速发展,在复杂地形地貌和地质条件下兴建大量岩土工程,尤其是深埋长隧道,原位地应力测量及其相关研究逾加重要。我国自20世纪60年代首次成功进行原位地应力实测以来,在地应力测量及相关研究方面已取得了长足进展。文中扼要介绍了我国地应力测量的发展历程,着重总结了在钻孔应力解除法、水压致裂法和其他常用原位地应力测量法及工程区初始地应力场分析研究方面所取得的进展,并结合我国区域构造应力环境和岩土工程的特点,对地应力测量和工程区初始地应力场研究方面的展望阐述了一点认识。     

兰州地区剪切波速实测误差分析与评价

为了给兰州乃至西北地区的地震安全性评价和重大工程抗震设计提供参考,在兰州地区选取4个不同类别场地,完成由10家单位参加、使用不同仪器剪切波速现场测试误差专项实验,研究该地区剪切波速实测误差分布规律,讨论测试误差对地表加速度反应谱影响的统计特征,并给出该地区剪切波速测试误差评价。结果表明:兰州地区各单位剪切波速测试误差具有明显规律性,测试误差绝大部分符合标准正态分布,且误差大小不随深度和场地类别而改变;兰州地区波速测试水平优于全国平均水平,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地的剪切波速测试精度较高,偏差较小,其平均标准差可以定为10%;就兰州地区而言,其1倍波速测试标准差引起PGA最大偏差为25%,2倍标准差为50%;给定波速测试误差下反应谱变化程度与输入波形相关,输入波频率成分与场地频率成分接近的地震输入下,误差影响较大,反之则影响较小。     

Study of the train-induced vibration impact on a historic Bell Tower above two spatially overlapping metro lines

There is concern regarding the long-term vibration effects caused by metro trains on historic buildings. In this paper, the impact of metro train-induced vibrations on the Bell Tower in Xi’an above two spatially overlapping tunnels was studied.Metro Line 2 has been operational since 2011, and Line 6 is still under construction. To study and control the effect of micro vibrations on the Bell Tower, a metro train–track–tunnel–soil 3D dynamic FE model was developed. The vibration response generated by Line 2 was then predicted, and the influences of train speed on ground vibration were analysed. In addition, a detailed in situ measurement, which helped calibrate the numerical model and determine the dynamic behaviour of timber structures, was performed. Finally, the calibrated models and measured results were used to predict vibrations caused by road traffic and trains from two spatially overlapping metro lines. This was performed under different route schemes and train operation conditions.The results showed that installing steel spring floating slab tracks (FST) and decreasing train speeds had obvious effects on controlling the ground peak particle velocity (PPV). Simulated results from both the input impulse and output response generated by metro Line 2 matched well with actual measurements. If correct designs are employed, it is possible to resolve the vibration problem on historic buildings caused by metro trains.     

青藏块体东北缘跨断层形变典型震例总结与预测判据指标分析

针对青藏块体东北缘跨断层监测区及周边发生的5.8级以上地震, 结合以往研究结果, 对跨断层资料进行了重新梳理, 重点分析了1995年永登5.8级、 2000年景泰5.9级、 2003年民乐—山丹6.1级和2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震前出现的跨断层形变异常。 结果表明: 这4次典型地震前出现的跨断层异常数量较多, 为13~23项不等; 分布范围较广, 震中距在600 km范围内, 相对集中出现在300 km左右范围内, 也有近震区异常; 异常特征以逆断加速、 趋势转折、 活动加剧、 突跳、 大幅变化等为主; 震前2~3年或稍长时间开始出现异常, 震前半年至1年半时段异常集中出现, 具有中期背景或短期前兆意义, 异常空间分布有向震中区汇聚迁移的特征。     

GPS静态观测中数据质量实时检测

在分析观测数据解码以及观测数据质量指标的基础上编制软件,对采集到的原始GPS观测数据进行解码与多路径效应、周跳等质量指标的分析计算,并对质量指标进行直观、实时的图形显示。介绍所写软件在工程实践中的应用,并与TEQC软件进行比较,证明了软件的正确性和可靠性。