探地雷达数据可视化方法

采用文件映射降低大数据量探地雷达(GPR)数据显示对计算机内存的需求,同时使GPR数据可以当作一维数组进行数据处理,方便对数据的随机、实时访问;应用直接写位图、视区分割的成图方案,实现对GPR数据的实时显示;通过位图调色板实现GPR数据调色板,灵活应用该技术可使本来需要对原始数据进行大量运算的算法通过调整调色板实现,提高了GPR数据处理的速度。     

Site Investigation for the Effects of Vegetation on Ground Stability

The procedure for geotechnical site investigation is well established but little attention is currently given to investigating the potential of vegetation to assist with ground stability. This paper describes how routine investigation procedures may be adapted to consider the effects of the vegetation. It is recommended that the major part of the vegetation investigation is carried out, at relatively low cost, during the preliminary (desk) study phase of the investigation when there is maximum flexibility to take account of findings in the proposed design and construction. The techniques available for investigation of the effects of vegetation are reviewed and references provided for further consideration. As for general geotechnical investigation work, it is important that a balance of effort is maintained in the vegetation investigation between (a) site characterisation (defining and identifying the existing and proposed vegetation to suit the site and ground conditions), (b) testing (in-situ and laboratory testing of the vegetation and root systems to provide design parameters) and (c) modelling (to analyse the vegetation effects).     

SPOT5影像严格几何纠正方法研究

根据SPOT卫星的成像原理和特点,讨论了对SPOT5卫星影像按共线方程法进行有控制点的几何纠正的方法,经对关中、陕北和陕南三种地形的影像纠正结果进行对比检验,证明了该方法精度达到了较高水平。     

贵州大方县公鸡山地裂缝特征成因及防治

文章通过对贵州省大方县以公鸡山地裂隙实地调查，认为地裂隙的形成主要与公鸡山一带地下采煤有关。即采煤虚脱，沿先存构造断裂拉张而成。同时叙述了地裂缝特征及危害，并提出防灾减灾措施。     

山东省临邑县临盘镇地裂冒喷水油灾害初步分析

1998年7月临邑县临盘镇西十二里村发生地裂冒喷水油灾害：对此次灾害研究认为，灾害发生前地应力已有明显改变，这种改变应是自然因素造成的，油田开发难以直接引发断层的活动。因此，地裂冒喷水、油灾害是因活动性断昙——临邑断层在局部薄弱部位活动而引起的，断层活动使地下流体顺断层涌出地表，是自然地质灾害。灾害的诱发因素是多方面的，其中地面不均衡沉降耦合使得地下应力布不均习，导致在断层的薄弱部位产生应力集中，并引发灾害发生。灾害发生已使得地下不均衡应力得以释放，近期内再次发生灾害的可能性不大。     

地下圆形衬砌隧道对沿线地震动的影响(II):数值结果

利用地下圆形衬砌隧道对入射平面P波和SV波散射级数解答，定量分析了入射波长、入射角度、隧道直径、衬砌刚度等因素对沿线地表位移放大作用的影响。计算结果表明，当入射频率较低时，地下隧道的存在对地表位移幅值影响不大；而当入射频率较高时，地表位移幅值可以达到无隧道情况的4．5倍以上；衬砌情况下地表位移幅值可以高出非衬砌情况的87．8％。建议在地铁的规划设计中考虑地下隧道的建设对隧道沿线设计地震动的影响。     

地下水资源管理预警系统的建立及应用研究——以长春城区为例

由于长春城区地下水的超采产生了环境恶化,结合地下水预测模型和地质及水文地质条件,以长春城区为例建立了地下水资源管理预警模型。根据长春城区的地质及水文地质条件提出水位水质预警标准,并根据模型编制了地下水资源管理预警系统。利用所建立的预警系统,对现状和未来开采条件下水位水质进行预警,从而为水资源的科学管理和持续利用提供可靠依据和保障。     

北京及其周边地区夏季地闪活动时空特征分析

利用M-LDARS闪电定位系统对北京及其周边地区1995～1997年6～9月的闪电观测数据, 分析闪电活动的时空分布特征。结果表明:闪电活动在时间分布上存在两个峰值时段, 13 :00～21:00和23:00～次日05 :00。通过对总地闪、分时段及峰值时段的地闪密度分析, 发现北京及周边地区闪电活动有几个明显的集中区域, 地闪高密度区主要出现在下垫面为山脉和水体的地方, 闪电活动与下垫面的水汽条件关系密切, 且正、负地闪的空间分布也呈现较大差异, 表明雷暴云的电荷结构存在一定差异。     

Optimum multiple tuned mass dampers for structures under the ground acceleration based on DDMF and ADMF

Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) consisting of many tuned mass dampers (TMDs) with a uniform distribution of natural frequencies are taken into consideration for attenuating undesirable vibration of a structure under the ground acceleration. A study is conducted to search for the preferable MTMD which performs better and is easily manufactured from the five available models (i.e. MTMD‐1 – MTMD‐5), which comprise various combinations of the stiffness, mass, damping coefficient and damping ratio in the MTMD. The major objective of the present study then is to evaluate and compare the control performance of these five models. The structure is represented by its mode‐generalized system in the specific vibration mode being controlled by adopting the mode reduced‐order approach. The optimum parameters of the MTMD‐1 – MTMD‐5 are investigated to reveal the influence of the important parameters on their effectiveness and robustness using a numerical searching technique. The parameters include the frequency spacing, average damping ratio, tuning frequency ratio, mass ratio and total number. The criteria selected for the optimum searching are the minimization of the maximum value of the displacement dynamic magnification factor (DDMF) and that of the acceleration dynamic magnification factor (ADMF) of the structure with the MTMD‐1 – MTMD‐5 (i.e. Min.Max.DDMF and Min.Max.ADMF). It is demonstrated that the optimum MTMD‐1 and MTMD‐4 yield approximately the same control performance, and offer higher effectiveness and robustness than the optimum MTMD‐2, MTMD‐3, and MTMD‐5 in reducing the displacement and acceleration responses of structures. It is further demonstrated that for both the best effectiveness and robustness and the simplest manufacturing, it is preferable to select the optimum MTMD‐1. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards a direct collapse–load method of design for concrete frames subjected to severe ground motions

Most current methods of design for concrete structures under earthquake loads rely on highly idealized ‘equivalent’ static representations of the seismic loads and linear‐elastic methods of structural analysis. With the continuing development of non‐linear methods of dynamic analysis for the overload behaviour and collapse of complete concrete structures, a more direct and more accurate design procedure becomes possible which considers conditions at system collapse. This paper describes an evaluation procedure that uses non‐linear dynamic collapse–load analysis together with global safety coefficients. A back‐calibration procedure for evaluating the global safety coefficients is also described. The aim of this paper is to open up discussion of alternative methods of design with improved accuracy which are necessary to move towards a direct collapse–load method of design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.