网格化数据管理在地图搜索服务应用中的研究

研究在地图搜索服务网站运行中采用网格数据管理服务模式的技术路线和实现方法。生产网格数据,搭建示范系统,为后继地图搜索服务网站的建设提供了开发建设的模式,也为网站的信息数据更新、维护提供了一个良好的运行方式。     

Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system. This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms, and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture features to realize fast target detection. It first grids the original SAR imagery, yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids, and then calculates the texture features in each grid. By fusing the calculation results, the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined. The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest. The fused texture features, including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), are investigated. The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast detection algorithms using real SAR data. The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application value of our study.     

Gridding cropland data reconstruction over the agricultural region of China in 1820

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of LUCC change with climate and ecosystem simulation, but the result could only be determined precisely if a high-resolution underlying land cover map is used. While the efforts based satellites have provided a good baseline for present land cover, what the next advancement in the research about LUCC change required is the development of reconstruction of historical LUCC change, especially spatially-explicit historical dataset. Being different from other similar studies, this study is based on the analysis of historical land use patterns in the traditional cultivated region of China. Taking no account of the less important factors, altitude, slope and population patterns are selected as the major drivers of reclamation in ancient China, and used to design the HCGM (Historical Cropland Gridding Model, at a 60 km×60 km resolution), which is an empirical model for allocating the historical cropland inventory data spatially to grid cells in each political unit. Then we use this model to reconstruct cropland distribution of the study area in 1820, and verify the result by prefectural cropland data of 1820, which is from the historical documents. The statistical analyzing result shows that the model can simulate the patterns of the cropland distribution in the historical period in the traditional cultivated region efficiently.     

水煤气大数据在芜湖社会化管理中的应用

人房基础数据的准确性是社会网格化管理工作的一项重要依据.在传统网格化的管理模式下,网格员需要挨家挨户走访才能掌握管辖区域内的人口变化,针对性不强,信息滞后,工作量巨大.为了解决这一问题,芜湖市社会服务管理网格化平台创造性地引入水煤气大数据分析来研判预测人口变化,为网格员核查人房数据提供重要的"情报"支持.水煤气大数据分析以户为单位对户内用水、用气能耗数据进行自动化分析,同时引入季节性差异补偿参数,建立户内人口居住变化推测模型,提取出需核查的住户数据.以核查任务的形式发送到移动终端App——"社管通",网格员通过社管通核查任务有针对性地进行上门核查.本文提出的水煤气大数据分析解决方案体现了大数据的价值,改变了传统定期全面核查模式,建立了精准靶向核查的工作模式,对保障社管网格内"底数清,情况明"具有重要意义.     

气温插值中不同空间插值方法的适用性分析——以江苏省为例

气温是最重要的气象因子之一,空间插值为台站气象数据降尺度提供了有效方法.本文利用江苏省67个气象台站2003年的逐日气温资料计算逐月平均气温和年平均气温,结合空间分辨率为30mX 30m的DEM数据,分别利用反距离权重法、张力样条插值法、普通克里格插值法和协同克里格插值法,对月和年平均气温进行插值,并利用交叉验证法对插...     

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On the effects of triangulated terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response

Distributed hydrologic models based on triangulated irregular networks (TIN) provide a means for computational efficiency in small to large‐scale watershed modelling through an adaptive, multiple resolution representation of complex basin topography. Despite previous research with TIN‐based hydrology models, the effect of triangulated terrain resolution on basin hydrologic response has received surprisingly little attention. Evaluating the impact of adaptive gridding on hydrologic response is important for determining the level of detail required in a terrain model. In this study, we address the spatial sensitivity of the TIN‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) in order to assess the variability in the basin‐averaged and distributed hydrologic response (water balance, runoff mechanisms, surface saturation, groundwater dynamics) with respect to changes in topographic resolution. Prior to hydrologic simulations, we describe the generation of TIN models that effectively capture topographic and hydrographic variability from grid digital elevation models. In addition, we discuss the sampling methods and performance metrics utilized in the spatial aggregation of triangulated terrain models. For a 64 km² catchment in northeastern Oklahoma, we conduct a multiple resolution validation experiment by utilizing the tRIBS model over a wide range of spatial aggregation levels. Hydrologic performance is assessed as a function of the terrain resolution, with the variability in basin response attributed to variations in the coupled surface–subsurface dynamics. In particular, resolving the near‐stream, variable source area is found to be a key determinant of model behaviour as it controls the dynamic saturation pattern and its effect on rainfall partitioning. A relationship between the hydrologic sensitivity to resolution and the spatial aggregation of terrain attributes is presented as an effective means for selecting the model resolution. Finally, the study highlights the important effects of terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response and provides insight into the multiple resolution calibration and validation of TIN‐based hydrology models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用多面函数整体求解GPS应变场的方法及应用

通过对位移与应变微分公式的分析,提出了利用多面函数整体解算大区域应变场的方法,给出了模拟数据的理论应变场,并对该模拟数据进行了分析。分析过程中,采用1°网格采样数据和50%限定输入数据,通过对比理论结果和计算结果,验证了文中方法的有效性。对1999～2004年中国大陆区域网GPS速度场的结果进行了分析,给出了该期间的中国大陆应变场分布,讨论了多面函数方法的特性,并给出了应变计算的建议。     

航空重力测量的数据归算方法

采用径向改正方法将航线高度处的重力观测值归算到平均飞行高度面,采用交叉点两步平差法来进行测线系统误差补偿,并选用加权平均法和Shepard曲面拟合法对重力观测值作格网化处理。对美国大地测量局（NGS）发布的EN01进行数据处理,〖JP〗给出大地高6 200 m处2°×3°范围内5′×5′规则格网重力扰动数据。相对于该区域的EGM2008格网重力扰动参考值,加权平均法和Shepard曲面拟合法精度分别为±1.59 mGal和±1.36 mGal。