西北太平洋柔鱼丰度的灰色灾变预测

柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)为短生命周期的头足类,其资源丰度极易受海洋环境变化影响,年间波动较大。根据1995?2017年西北太平洋柔鱼渔业生产统计数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)作为资源丰度指数,运用灰色灾变预测方法对上、下限灾变年份建立GM(1, 1)模型,预测未来灾变年份。结果显示,以GLM模型标准化CPUE建立的下限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为15.32%,上限灾变预测模型的平均相对误差为8.19%,模型精度检验等级均为Ⅰ级。研究认为,下一个资源丰年(CPUE大于2.39 t/(船·a))将出现在2021年,资源歉年(CPUE小于2.13 t/(船·a))将出现在2027年;太平洋年代际涛动与El Ni?o-La Ni?a事件是驱使柔鱼丰度大幅度波动的重要因素。该预测结果可为西北太平洋鱿钓生产企业和管理部门提供参考。     

福建沿岸主要港湾水质的综合评价

本文应用灰色聚类和模糊聚类等方法对福建沿岸9个港湾的海水水质进行了定量分类评价，其结果表明各港湾的海水水质在总体上均属于第Ⅰ类，但也受到不同程度的污染，其中厦门西港和厦门东侧水道海域铜，铅等重金属污染严重；沙埕港和闽江口普遍存在着DIP、DIN污染，湄洲湾，泉州湾，东册湾，兴化湾和三都澳也有个别污染物超标。     

利用事件影响域挖掘时空关联规则

首先发展了基于事件影响域的时空事务表构建策略,提出了基于事件影响域的时空关联规则挖掘方法,给出了相应的挖掘算法(简称ECSTAR算法)。通过一个实际算例验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于CLUE-S模型集成设计的关键问题研究

在传统方法上使用CLUE-S模型进行土地利用变化模拟存在着效率低下的弊端,如需要借助SPSS软件进行Logistic回归分析和ROC曲线检验;需要借助数学方法进行土地需求量的预测,而预测方法之多会导致数学预测模型不好选取;此外显示土地利用模拟结果需要借助Arcgis软件。本文针对上述缺点,提出在基于CLUE-S模型基础上进行系统集成的设计思路,对其中的关键问题分别进行了研究,分别实现了各个功能。最后将模拟结果与Arcview软件生成的结果进行对比,完全符合。说明该设计思路是切实可行的,从而为解决上述困难提供了有效的方法基础,为该集成系统的有效运用提供了更为科学的依据。     

灰色模型在快速卫星钟差预报中的应用

GPS实时精密单点定位需要实时的、精确的、可靠的预报卫星钟差预报,因此卫星钟差的预报是一项非常重要的工作,它对实时的高精度导航定位具有重要意义。为导航定位提供时间标准的导航卫星原子钟是非常精密的仪器,对外界环境非常敏感,无法将卫星钟差作为普通的白噪声处理,可以但可将卫星钟差看作是灰色系统来进行研究。本文根据灰色系统相关理论,将灰色系统模型GM(1,1)应用到卫星钟差的预报,并用IGS超快速星历建立了预报卫星钟差的灰色预测模型,研究了卫星钟差的变化规律。结果表明:灰色模型可用于卫星钟差的短期预报,它对超快速星历的预报精度与IGS产品中的IGU超快速星历本身的预报精度相当。     

Variation Character of Grain Yield per Unit Area in Main Grain-producing Area of Northeast China

Based on the surveys and the statistic data during 1980-2003, the variation character of grain yield per unit area in Northeast China and its main factors have been discussed by the methods of statistics and grey correlation analysis. The results show that: 1) the grain yield per unit area has been taking on an increasing trend in the recent 20 years. It increased from 2519.80kg/ha in 1980 to 4216.11kg/ha in 2003, with an increasing rate of 67.32%; 2) the variation of grain yield per unit area is considerably prominent and its range is also very great, with the maximal increase rate of 42.59% and maximal decrease rate of 21.13%, respectively, which are far above the whole Chinese average level; 3) the variation of main crops' yield per unit area is remarkable, which takes on the character that the yield of corn is much higher than that of soybean and rice; and 4) the grey correlation analysis shows that the most important factors impacting the variation of grain yield per unit area are the total power of agricultural machinery, the consumption of chemical fertilizer and effective irrigated area. However, the influence of natural disaster and income level should not be ignored. Effective ways to improve grain yield per unit area are to construct farmland improvement groundwork, reclaim the middle- and low-yield farmland, etc.     

Reservoir operation using grey fuzzy stochastic dynamic programming

This paper presents an optimal regulation programme, grey fuzzy stochastic dynamic programming (GFSDP), for reservoir operation. It is composed of a grey system, fuzzy theory and dynamic programming. The grey system represents data by covering the whole range without loss of generality, and the fuzzy arithmetic takes charge of the rules of reservoir operation. The GFSDP deals with the multipurpose decision‐making problem by fuzzy optimization theorem. The practicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on the operation of the Shiman reservoir in Taiwan. The current M5 operating rule curves of this reservoir also are evaluated. The simulation results demonstrate that this new approach, in comparison with the M5 rule curves, has superior performance with regard to the total water deficit and number of monthly deficits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

夏季分县降水量集成预报试验

将国家气象中心Ｔ１０６和ＨＬＡＦＳ、山西省气象台ＢＰ神经元和动力相似方法输出的降水预报值作为预报因子,运用灰色理论分别将以上４个预报因子原始数列和降水实况数列作一次累加生成处理,分别得到随机性被弱化的单增数列,用卡尔曼滤波法进行递推计算,得到降水预报值。将得到的降水预报值作还原处理,即累减生成后,最终输出降水量分县预报。此方法用于１９９８年夏季,取得了良好的预报效果。     

Regional Geochemical Division—A Tool for Delineating Geochemical Block

INTRODUCTIONGeochemists need to study the spatial distribution of theassociations of the geochemical elements(AGE) to delineatethe geochemical blocks or recognize geochemical anomalies inregional geochemical exploration.Regional geochemical divi-sion (RGD) is a mapping technique for the division of thestudy area into slices where the natural AGEs are relativelysimple and uniform.A practical approach to RGD is to digital-ly devide the collected geochemical samples into groups bymeans o…     

青海高原冻土退化驱动因素的定量辨识

利用G IS技术、主成分分析和关联度等定量方法,分析了1981~2000年青海高原冻土退化的空间特征。研究表明:1981年以来青海高原冻土呈现出多年冻土减少、季节冻土增加的总体退化趋势,其中季节冻土由1981~1985年占全省总面积的37.5%增加到了1996~2000年的41.7%;在人为活动和气候变化对季节冻土退化的驱动作用当中以人类活动的作用更为显著,气候变暖是造成季节冻土退化的主导气候因素。