全球增暖的另一可能原因初探

太阳是地球流体(大气和海洋等)运动的最终能量源,地球环境,尤其是气候的变化不能不与太阳活动有关.目前,普遍将全球增暖归结为温室气体含量增加所导致的温室效应的加剧,这无疑是有一定依据和有道理的.但从科学上来讲,人类活动所引起温室气体增加的影响,并非是唯一原因.基于已有的一些研究结果,从太阳活动的观点所进行的初步分析表明,太阳活动也可能是引起近世纪全球增暖的另一个重要原因.太阳活动的影响主要包括太阳辐射的直接影响和引发地磁场变化的间接影响两个方面,地球磁场的变化将可通过动力过程和热力过程而影响大气环流和气候的变化.     

内蒙古草原温室气体排放日变化规律研究

采用静态值－气相色谱法研究内蒙古草原温室气体N2O、CO2、CH4与大气交换的日变化规律。CO2日排放变化形式基本相同，和大气交换的总结果是向大气排放，影响草原N2O排放日变化形式的关键是土壤含水量和表层土壤理化特性，日温变化主要影响其日变化强度；影响草原CH4日变化形式的关键因子是土壤水分和供氧状况，而温度和植物的生长状况则影响吸收强度，利用内蒙古草原温室气候排放相对固定的日变化形式，可以对相同生产季内每周1次的观测结果进行矫正。     

日光温室低温寡照灾害指标

文章根据1965～2000年河北省日光温室试验观测资料及各地历年低温寡照对蔬菜的影响程度，确定了低温寡照灾害等级指标，分析了低温寡照的时空分布规律，20世纪80年代以后，河北省各市低温寡照发生次数比60、70年代明显增多；随着纬度增高，河北省低温寡照发生次数明显减少，危害程度明显减轻。     

MODELING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE IN CLIMATE CHANGE BY USING A REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL

1 INTRODUCTION Being an important composition of the atmosphere, aerosol attracts increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years, together with the radiative forcing it causes and effects it imposes on the climate system. The anthropogenic aerosol affects the climate both directly and indirectly. The climate is directly affected when solar shortwave radiation is scattered and absorbed in what is known as the 搖mbrella effect? which can be dated back to as early as mor…     

Column Amounts of ClONO2, HCl, HNO3, and HF from Ground-Based FTIR Measurements Made Near Kiruna, Sweden, in Late Winter 1994

During SESAME phase I ground-based FTIR measurements were performed atEsrange near Kiruna, Sweden, from 28 January to 26 March 1994. Zenith columnamounts of ClONO₂, HCl, HF, HNO₃,O₃, N₂O, CH₄, and CFC-12 werederived from solar absorption spectra. Time series of ClONO₂and HCl indicate a chlorine activation at the end of January and around 1March. On 1 March a very low amount of HCl of 2.09times; 10¹⁵molec. cm^-2 was detected, probably caused by a second chlorineactivation phase starting from an already decreased amount of HCl. The ratioof column amounts of HCl to ClONO₂ decreased inside the vortexfrom about 1 in January to 0.4 in late March compared to values of about 2outside the vortex. Although the Arctic stratosphere was rather warm in winter1993/94 and PSCs occurred seldom, chlorine partitioning into its reservoirspecies HCl and ClONO₂ changed during that winter andClONO₂ is the major chlorine reservoir at the end of thewinter as in cold winters like 1991/92 and 1994/95.     

试论未来全球气候变化

未来全球气候变化是人们关注的重大课题。从内蒙古盐湖近２０ｋａ气候演变的研究可知，地质时期和历史时期气候波动变化是有规律可循的。用已经了解的这种变化规律来予测未来气候变化是有价值的。研究表明，未来１ｋａ左右全球为暖期，之后将进入下一个冰期。     

地幔流体的前缘研究

地幔流体是与地幔环境处于平衡的气体和挥发分。其主要化学组分为碳、氢、氧、氮、硫（ＣＨＯＮＳ）。它以富于地球内部原始组分为特征，但也包含部分再循环组分。地幔挥发分在弱还原条件下主要为ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ，强还原环境则以ＣＨ４－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｈ２为主。地幔流体地球化学的重要性质为：（１）易溶于硅酸盐熔体；（２）净化作用；（３）再沉淀作用。近年来，有关地幔流体中稀有气体和挥发分的起源、分布及同位素组成等前缘领域的研究已取得重要进展。当前拟优先探索的问题包括气体裂化与金刚石成因，非生物成因地幔烃，地幔流体与成矿作用，以及地幔挥发分注入与地壳重熔等。     

试论温室效应对我国西部河川径流的影响

大气中日益增多的温室气体使我国西部地区的气候近三四十年来出现了干暖化趋势，导致河川径流量明显减少。据统计，从５０年代后半期到８０年代，新疆地区的河种径流量减少了６．４％，西藏东南部的３条大河从６０年代到８０年代则平均减少了１３．２％，其减少量大于新疆，这主要是因为气温升高使冰雪融水增加，新疆的河流受到冰雪融水的补偿，虽然西藏东南部的河注也有冰川存在，甚至冰种覆盖面积远大于新疆一些内陆河流域，但那里     

The temporal and spatial characteristics of the surface air temperature variations over the Antarctic and its surrounding area

The characteristics of the spatial distribution, temporal variations trend and oscillation for the surface air temperature variations during 1957—1993 in the Antarctic and its surrounding area were analyzed. The results show that the short-time climate change in the Antarctic is complex both temporally and spatially. The Antarctic is by no means the strongest responding region to the global greenhouse effect. There is a distinguished difference in the trends of the temperature changes for the Antarctic and global mean, which could not be explained simply by the global greenhouse effect. Project supported by the National Antarctic Key Project of China (85-905).     

A Review of Research on Human Activity Induced Climate ChangeⅠ. Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols

Extensive research on the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, carbon cycle modeling, and the characterization of atmospheric aerosols has been carried out in China during the last 10 years or so. This paper presents the major achievements in the fields of emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural lands, carbon cycle modeling, the characterization of Asian mineral dust, source identification of the precursors of the tropospheric ozone, and observations of the concentrations of atmospheric organic compounds. Special, more detailed Information on the emissions of methane from rice fields and the physical and chemical characteristics of mineral aerosols are presented.